Trendelenburg Sign
Trendelenburg ’s sign is named after Friedrich Trendelenburg who was a German surgeon . This sign of the zodiac is confirming in soul whose abductor muscle of the pelvic arch , i.e. gluteus medius and gluteus minimus , have become weak or paralyzed . During test patient role is advised to stand on one leg . Trendelenburg sign is consider positive if upon standing on one leg , the patient role ’s pelvis sway on the diametrical side . The tilt on opposite side is have by weakness of gluteus minimus and maximus muscleman of opposite side of the position leg . A electropositive Trendelenburg sign indicates muscular dysfunction , i.e. failing of the glute minimus or medius . During Trendelenburg ’ test patient may complain of hurting on opposite side .
Telescoping Sign
Telescopic sign is notice during orthopaedic test to asses dislocated rose hip . The patient is made to lie supine or flat on their back on an examination board . The examiner stands on opposite side of the stage which is tested . The ramification to be try is bent at 90 0 at genu and coxa joint . Gentle press is apply in a down apparent motion towards the table and then lift back up . The test is positive if the affected role does not parade any movement or if there is inordinate social movement due to hip breakdown . During exam patient complaints of increment pain . The test is negative if there is only a little bit of campaign and patient role do not complaint of increase pain .
Pelvic Rocking Test
Pelvis rocking test is done to name constancy of a sacroiliac joint . The patient is made to lie supine on table with stage flex at knee and hip joint . The quizzer holds and bear pelvis by place thumb on iliac crest and palm as well as four fingers distribute over side and back of the pelvis . Both the palms of the hands are push towards each other . Examiner then rocks the pelvis to rotate sacroiliac joint . The manual rocking emphasise the sacroiliac joint . The exam is look at positive if there is pain around the sacroiliac joint . Positive Pelvic Rocking Test Indicates trauma or injury to the sacroiliac joint or sacroiliac joint infection .
Ortolani Test or Ortolani Maneuver
Ortolani Test include Barlow Maneuver followed by Ortolani Maneuver . The test was key in 1937 and is named after Michael Ortolani . Barlow Maneuver is done first then Ortolani maneuver is performed . The test is performed to name congenital dysplasia of the hip joint . The Barlow Maneuver dislocates the hip joint and Ortolani evasive action reposition the hip joint by adjusting school principal of femur in pelvic girdle joint socket .
Barlow maneuver – Examiner digest both leg with mitt in flex positioning at knee joint . Then pelvis articulation is also flex at 90 0 . Examiner while continuing his hands on knee joint adduct the wooden leg at rose hip joint while branch is push posteriorly toward the analyze bed . Examiner may feel or hear click while pelvis articulation is dislocated . This maneuver dislocates both or one rosehip join .
Ober’s Test
Ober ’s Test is done to determine the tightness of the iliotibial band . The patient is asked to lie down on the examination board in a lateral position on normal side . The arm is flex at elbow and tuck under head . The normal leg is maintain in straight sidelong office during test . The irritating leg is then maneuver by examiner . Examiner holds the stage as shown in image below . The right mitt is place over affected hip juncture and pelvis , while leg is extended and kidnap with left handwriting . The examiner then release the hand that was supporting the knee . If the knee fails to adduct then it is a positive test and indicates iliotibial stripe syndrome .
Kemp’s Test
Kemp ’s mental testing is performed to diagnosed nerve radical compression . exam helps to diagnose radicular pain and prevail out lumbar sprain as well as pain reason by abnormal aspect joint . The test is performed in sit spatial relation . Examiner stomach behind the examination board . The right hand is localise over right upper chest of drawers and shoulder junction . The leftover hand is place on mid back of opposite side or left side as show in paradigm below .
The patient is ask to tend forward and maintained flex position . Then affected role is asked to move the upper eubstance from go away to right side while maintaining the back in flex position . The mental testing demands movements of optimum tilt to right and left side while maintaining flex attitude of back . The test appraise the cause of radicular pain or pinch nerve . Test is deliberate positive if affected role is sound off of sudden jolt botheration on one side that shine to back of the leg .
Thomas’ Test
Thomas test was described by orthopedic surgeon Dr. Hugh Thomas from Great Britain . The test helps to diagnose hip flexure contracture and psoas syndrome . mental test can be false negatively charged in patient who may have good pain permissiveness . The patient is asked to rest supine on examination tabular array with both wooden leg hanging over the side of the examination bottom . Both the legs are maintained in flex position at knee joint . Examiner stands on side of affected role that has pain . Examiner then assist patient to flex pegleg at hip junction . Examiner carefully pushes flex pegleg towards chest . During this maneuver patient suffering with psoas syndrome or rosehip flexion contracture will not be able to defend opposite leg in amply extended position at hip joint . The test is repeated on other side .
The test is symptomatic if moderate to severe pain is elicited on diametric side . The test often results as off-key negative when patient with good botheration leeway find oblige to keep leg in extended position .
Yeoman’s Test
Yeoman trial is performed to name sacroilitis and sacroiliac joint sprain . Patient is asked to lie in in prostrate posture over the scrutiny bottom . Patient is learn to maintain both arms on side and head in neutral position . Examiner will stand on diametric side of the ramification that is to be tested . As shown in epitome while testing left leg , examiner places his veracious manus over ilium and left mitt in front and above the knee roast . The psychometric test involves two maneuvers . First examiner tries to pitch the Troy and pelvis outward ; and same time he prolong the opposite stage at coxa articulation with left hand . Patient abide with sacroilitis and sacroiliac joint sprain will feel pain over sacroiliac joint of the stage which is being tested .
Patrick’s Test
The test is execute to pass judgment hip and sacroiliac joint disease . The patient role is asked lie supine on examen bed . Both the legs are tested alternately . Examiner will stand on side that is being examine . The pegleg is flex at knee and hip joint simultaneously . Then pegleg is abduct and laterally rotated . The knee is crusade towards the bottom while invertebrate foot is rested on thigh of opposite stage . The test is also known as FABER mental testing ( F- Flexion . AB- Abduction and ER- External Rotation ) . Patient have with hip or sacroiliac joint disease will complaint of moderate to severe pain .
Nachlas’ Test
The patient is instructed to lie in a prostrate stead on the mesa for Nachlas ’ exam . Examiner will stand on one side of layer . One peg at a meter is flexed at knee joint while leg is maintained in straight position at hip joint . The heel of the infantry is endeavor to touch the buttocks on same side . The Nachlas test is regard positive if affected role is complaining of acuate pain over the sacral region . The potential lawsuit of pain in the neck could be sacroiliac joint harm , twist or inflammation .
infliction is also respect if patient is abide with knee joint sprain or arthritis . If pain is felt in the low back and radiate over the back of the second joint then cause of the infliction could be radicular pain originates from mite of spinal nerve at L3 , L4 or L5 foramina .
Hibb’s Test
In Hibb ’s test , the patient role is made to lie in a prone position . Examiner stands on diametric side of the bed . As shown in image below examiner while on correct side holds the feet of left stage and assist patient to flex the genu spliff at 90 0 flexure . The pelvic girdle joint is observe in neutral place lying flat on layer . Gently examiner rotate the wooden leg to outer side while support the lower back and pelvis with veracious hand . mental test is repeat on both leg . The test is regard prescribed if pain in the ass is elicited during the test . The positive mental test suggests possible sacroiliac joint disease , hip joint disease or radicular pain sensation . Sacroiliac joint pain is cause by joint inflammation or arthritis . Hip joint pain is triggered by arthritis or joint sprain . Radicular pain is triggered by piriformis entrapment . The trial is considered diagnostic for piriformis entrapment disease that causes pain radiate to back of the second joint while radiological finding suggests normal sacroiliac joint and hip joint .
Ely’s Test
Patient is advised to lie on examination seam in prostrate position with face facing the examination mesa . Examiner stands on side of the interrogation seam . Patient is asked to twist both the leg at the same time at human knee joint to 90 0 flexion . Examiner put his helping hand over the back of the calfskin muscles . Patient is asked to further flex the stifle . Test is deal positive if patient is get up his pelvis and buttocks while flexing the leg at knee joint against the resistance provide by examiners hired man . Positive test hint patient may be suffering with sacroiliac joint disease or iliopsoas syndrome . Upon the exitension of the knee , if the patient has pelvic girdle pain , then the test can not be carried bear out further due to botheration in psoas heftiness or in its sheath . The buttock on the stirred side tends to elevate . This is a positive Ely ’s test . A cocksure Ely ’s trial betoken annoyance or spasm in the iliopsoas muscle or its cocktail dress . It can also indicate pain induced by contraction of the rectus femoris , lesion on the lumbar vertebra , osseous hip wound and contracture of the tensor fasciae latae .
Gaenslen’s Test
The test was draw by Orthopedic Surgeon Dr. Frederick Gaenslen . Gaenslen ’s test is performed to name cause of back painful sensation . The overconfident test suggest cause of painful sensation could be sacroiliac joint disease . The trial is performed to stress both sacroiliac joint at the same time . Patient is asked to dwell on interrogation bed in unresisting position . As shown in image below , correct leg is kept attend on the side of the seam so proper hip is optimally extended . Such spot stretch along right sacroiliac joint . Next affected role is require to flex knee spliff . Now examiner will assist to flex the branch at hip joint . The attempt is made to touch the human knee joint to abdomen . The evasive action will now stretch out the odd sacroiliac joint . The psychometric test is repeated on paired side . The test is considered incontrovertible if patient is complain of pain in the neck on one or both side . The movement of pain is sacroiliac joint arthritis or twist . The trial is also prescribed if patient is suffering with spondylo - arthritis or sciatica .
All these maneuvering test are immanent test and can be mistaken positive or untrue negative . The overconfident run result has to be evaluated and compare by medical specialist and also supported by other determination of clinical or radiological examination . trial has to be performed by qualified physician , chiropractor or physical therapist .
