Can You Get Lyme Disease From A Mosquito Bite?
Lyme disease is channel through atick biteon the hefty skin of the human being which introduces the inoculum . The tick is infected by suck lineage from the septic human or gnawer and the spirochaete is able-bodied to procreate in the ancestry of the vector . Cases of transmission by mosquito sting have not been describe .
Lyme disease is a multisystemic term with dermatologic , arthritic , neurological and cardiac manifestations .
It was initially described by Dr. Steere , who canvass an epidemic of monoarticular arthritis and oligoarticular that occurred in adult and nipper near Old Lyme , Connecticut .
Causal Agent And Transmission Mechanism of Lyme Disease
Seven eld after the first reports of the clinical description , it was discover that Lyme disease is cause by an quarantined spirochete of tick and human being , which was identified as Borrelia burgdorferi in 1982 . The contagion is transmit by tick from the Ixodes ricinus complex .
Lyme disease is the most frequent disease channelize by arthropods in the United States .
Most of the tick of the genus Ixodes function as a competent vector for transfer B. burgdorferi bacteria . The check mark of the genus Ixodes dammini ( scapularis ) are located in the west and center of the United States , those of the genus Ixodes pacificus in the Northeast and Pacific of the United States . Ixodes ricinus is the most frequent in Europe and North Africa and the genus Ixodes persulcatus , in Europe . Among the necessary elements to transmit the contagion to mankind an animal reservoir is included where Borrelia spp . can remain viable for long periods , such as ticks , small rodents , and other small vertebrate .
The life-time wheel of ticks is two age . grownup set egg at the origin of spring . In the summer the egg become larvae . Larvae provender on pedigree from reservoir such as rats , modest mammals , deer , and birds ; at the end of summer or early autumn they become nymph and hibernate until the following spring . Nymphs feed on their reservoirs and on occasion on human being in saltation and summer . In autumn they become adult . Adult ticks provender on orotund mammal , such as white - give chase cervid and sometimes also of humans . The adult female tick empty these creature and set eggs on the trees to nail the two - year cycle . The whitened - tailed cervid are carriers of the adult forms of ticks and from them , other mammals , such as mice and hares , can be infest .
10 genospecies of B. burgdorferi have been described ; of these , at least three are pathogenic and cause 96 % of cases of Lyme disease . Among the pathogenic genospecies is B. burgdorferi sensu stricto , which was isolated in the United States . In Europe and Asia , B. garinii have been come up as causal agents and B. afzelii . In summation , in Europe , it has been implicated B. Valaisian .
Clinical Manifestations of Lyme Disease
Lyme Disease Stage I: Localized Early Infection
It endure from the here and now the tick bite occurs until the inoculation of Borrelia spp . In 50 - 90 % of patients , after an incubation menstruation of 3 to 32 days , the Graeco-Roman lesion appears at the site of the bite . It is characterize by an erythematous - violaceous , painless plaque that grows in a centrifugal style while its center clears . It is mutual to be accompanied by influenza - alike symptom .
Lyme Disease Stage II: Disseminated Early Infection
The onset is varying , the manifestations can salute from the first week mail - infection until calendar month later and it is plebeian that there are symptomless period . This stagecoach is characterized by systemic involution ; spirochetes spread out with the involution of the skeletal muscle system ( 60 % ) , skin ( 20 - 25 % ) , the key nervous system ( CNS ) ( 10 % ) and heart ( 5 % ) . The patients face built-in symptoms : feverishness , headache , slight neck stiffness , generalized musculoskeletal pain , arthralgia and attack to the general state .
Lyme Disease Stage III: Late Infection
The manifestation of previous Lyme disease can be divided into two major groups : manifestations in which relentless Borrelia infection is the grounds of the symptoms , as in persistent Lyme arthritis and neuroborreliosis , and manifestation due to other mechanism , mainly autoimmune phenomena and found and irreversible tissue damage ; among the latter are encephalopathy and distend cardiomyopathy of Lyme , as well as antibiotic - resistant arthritis .
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