Diabetic neuropathy is the condition that touch to damage of the centripetal nerves that affect the superstar of the body . This is a coarse complication of diabetes . Diabetescan damage the nerves in a number of ways , but all the problem are basically associate to line sugar being too high for prolonged menses of time .
Diabetic neuropathy ornerve damagecaused by diabetes can be painful , but the pain is not severe in most of the cases .
Pathophysiology of Diabetic Neuropathy
Research point that both metabolic and vascular factors are imply in pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy . Animal and in - vitro experiments link enzymatic and non - enzymatic pathways in glucose metabolism to initiation as well as progression of diabetic neuropathy . These admit :
This metabolic and vascular disruption impedes mitochondrial function and neurotrophic support to nerve tissue , and liaise injury to nerve cell and Schwann cells resulting in reform-minded wound and red ink of peripheral spunk fiber and impairment of sensory functions .
Epidemiology of Diabetic Neuropathy
Diabetes is know to be the leading crusade of neuropathy in explicate countries , and neuropathy is the most vulgar ramification and greatest source of morbidness and deathrate in diabetics . Prevalence of neuropathy is estimated to be approximately 20 % in diabetic patients . Diabetic neuropathy is entail in 50 to 75 % of nontraumatic amputations .
Hyperglycemia is the independent peril ingredient for diabetic neuropathy . harmonize to Diabetes Control and Complications Trial study , the annual incidence of neuropathy is 2 % per twelvemonth , but dropped to 0.56 % with intensive handling of Type 1 diabetes . The progression of neuropathy is depends on the point of glycemic control both in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes . Age , duration of diabetes , hypertension , coffin nail smoking , height and hyperlipidemia are also risk agent for diabetic neuropathy .
There may be more than 3 million people with painful diabetic neuropathy in United States . 20 - 30 % of case 2 diabetics develop neuropathy . Type 1 diabeticsusually develop neuropathy after more than 10 year of getting affected with diabetes .
Classification and Types of Diabetic Neuropathy
Diabetic Neuropathy Can Be Classified Mainly Into Four Types :
Diabetes also can chair to other nerve touch problem like nerve compression or entrapment neuropathy . Carpal tunnel syndrome is one of the most common eccentric of nerve compression which causes numbness and tingling in the wrist sometimes ensue in muscle helplessness or nuisance .
stringent mastery of blood kale helps foreclose almost all of diabetes related problem .
Causes and Risk Factors of Diabetic Neuropathy
Nerve injuries are caused due to in high spirits origin sugar levels and decreased parentage flow , the more likely cause being poor command of blood lettuce level . About half the multitude with diabetes evolve heart damage . Most of the times symptom do not begin until 10 to 20 long time of diabetes being diagnose .
Nerve Injuries May Affect:
Nerves that help the body to manage full of life organs such as theheart , stomach , bladder andintestinesas in autonomic neuropathy .
Signs and Symptoms of Diabetic Neuropathy
symptom often develop slowly over a stop of several year . symptom vary depending on the nervousness strike .
Symptoms of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy May Include :
Diabetic Autonomic Neuropathy Of The Blood Vessels May Lead To :
Treatment for Diabetic Neuropathy
The key factor in preventing diabetic neuropathy is to keep the stock sugar levels under tight control in a tidy range following the basic footmark for management of diabetes , avoiding its complications , and staying as healthy as potential . Diet , exercise , and sometimes medicines are the linchpin of treatment .
Complications Of Peripheral Neuropathy Can Be Prevented By :
Autonomic Neuropathy Treatment Of The Digestive System May Include :
Autonomic Neuropathy Of The Blood Vessels May Be Treated By :
Autonomic Neuropathy Of The Male Sex Organs Can Be Treated By :
Autonomic Neuropathy Of The Female Sex Organs Can Be Treated By :
Autonomic Neuropathy Of The Urinary System May Be Treated By :
Treatments For Nausea And Vomiting May Include :
Investigations for Diabetic Neuropathy
Diabetic Neuropathy can be diagnose on the basis of symptoms and strong-arm examination .
Comprehensive foot exam involve to be done each year to check for peripheral neuropathy . mortal diagnose with peripheral neuropathy need more frequent foot exams .
Protective sensation or feel in the feet is assessed by touch the foot with a nylon monofilament - standardized to a bristle on a hairbrush attached to a wand or by pricking the foot with a pain sensation .
Other Tests That Are Rarely Needed May Include :
Also interpret :
