Amongst the various electrolytes or rather mineral that plays a pregnant role in stay fresh the dead body healthy and facilitate the organs to run properly , potassium is one such important mineral that helps the heart wash up properly , control the purpose of the skeletal muscles i.e. , the muscles that are establish around the skeleton and torso , as well as the smooth muscle which are found in the digestive tracts . Potassium also lets the nerves work properly while transmitting the electrical signals across the nervous system and maintains the body fluid levels .
This mineral ( atomic number 19 ) is acquired from the daily diet and only a moderate amount of potassium in the body , rather blood is enough . With an unnatural level of K in lineage , the round of heart differ , because potassium operate the normal electrical nerve speech rhythm . When the K story in blood is increased , it lead to the condition that is unremarkably called hyperkalemia . Diet plays a vital role in treatment and management of Hyperkalemia or High Potassium but before we get to know more about the dieting and discussion , let us get familiar with its symptoms , ramification and cause .
Definition of Hyperkalemia or High Potassium:
The condition in which there is gamey K depicted object in the blood is known as hyperkalemia .
The normal kitchen stove of K in descent is 3.5 to 5 meq / L ; that is milliequivalents per l or millimoles per litre .
Signs and Symptoms of Hyperkalemia or High Potassium:
Hyperkalemia can be symptomless . When hyperkalemia occur , it can be perfectly nonspecific and may vary largely from person to person . Generally the following symptoms are consort with cardiac and muscular subprogram :
Complications Associated with Hyperkalemia or High Potassium:
When the potassium level in the blood transcend the required amount , it can be dangerous for the organic structure . While mild hyperkalemia or meek increase in atomic number 19 levels sham the heart rhythm with a limited impact , temperate hyperkalemia or restrained increment in K levels brings change in the EKG reports , which is the electric interpretation of heart muscles . However , with hard hyperkalemia or gamey potassium levels in line , the electrical activity of the heart is suppress , causing ticker stay . In some rarefied cases , this condition leads to muscleman dysfunction , known as hyperkalemic periodical palsy .
Causes of Hyperkalemia or High Potassium:
There are many causes of Hyperkalemia or High Potassium . The worldwide pathophysiological chemical mechanism that take to this condition is overweening intake , very low excretion and the shift of the potassium from intracellular to extracellular blank space . The most common causes that are associated with these pathophysiological condition are –
Hyperkalemia or High Potassium Caused Due to Kidney failure:
The right point of potassium in the torso is controlled and maintained by the kidneys . When the kidneys break to take out the excess atomic number 19 from the soundbox , it leads to the deposition of K in the blood and body . Hence , when the kidney fails , it is the beginning stimulate Hyperkalemia or High Potassium . Whether the patient has a inveterate kidney disease or an incisive kidney failure , this condition is very probable to be stimulate .
Hyperkalemia or High Potassium Caused Due to Alcoholism:
The other potential cause that leads to hyperkalemia or mellow atomic number 19 is extravagant crapulence of alcoholic beverage . toilsome alcoholic beverage intake can cause the muscles to give out down and mellow amount of atomic number 19 is therefore released into the blood . The syndrome that is tie in with this muscle partitioning due to alcoholism is known as rhabdomyolysis .
Hyperkalemia or High Potassium Caused Due To Drugs and Medications:
Certain drugs such as chemotherapy drug , as well as atomic number 19 supplements can also cause this shape . If you take these drugs for a prolonged full stop , it will lead to Hyperkalemia or High Potassium . Angiotensin - convert enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitor and Angiotensin II receptor blockers ( arbitrager ) can also cause this condition .
The other causal agency of Hyperkalemia or High Potassium are –
Pathophysiology of Hyperkalemia or High Potassium:
95 - 98 % of the entire shop of body potassium is found chiefly in the intracellular space in muscles . The blood serum atomic number 19 grade is sustain by the normal homeostatic mechanism . These mechanisms let in the buffering of extracellular potassium against a large intracellular potassium pool and for this undertaking the Na - potassium ticker is used . With the help of this Na - potassium pump the spare potassium is excreted through urinary tract . 90 % of the total potassium is excrete through weewee and 10 % is excreted through stool and sweat .
The Cortical Collecting Duct ( CCD ) and the Distal Convoluted Tubule ( DCT ) play the most meaning role in the excretion of atomic number 19 within kidneys and their functions are controlled by aldosterone and other adrenal corticosteroids . The apical tissue layer of cortical collecting tubule cubicle has Epithelial Sodium Channels ( ENaC ) in them . These channels reabsorb the sodium . A disconfirming electrical potential is generated by the aldosterone in this entire procedure and the nephritic out medullary atomic number 19 ( ROMK ) is secreted . These sodium and potassium are transported to distal nephrons with the assistant of WNK ( with no K [ lysine ] ) kinase , which are a kin of point mote . in the end the atomic number 11 and atomic number 19 are excreted through urine . With goodish renal bodily function , the kidneys can still do the task of K excretion , even if the potassium intake is high . But with kidney failure , this power is destroy .
Diagnosis of Hyperkalemia or High Potassium:
Only even checkups and lineage exam can potentially make you mindful of this condition . Otherwise , in most cases , Hyperkalemia or High Potassium is leave undiagnosed . If you have begin a new medicine that has the potential difference of increasing the potassium levels in the blood , then seeing the doctor on a regular basis to check the atomic number 19 level is a must .
Treatment for Hyperkalemia or High Potassium:
The intervention of Hyperkalemia or High Potassium has two basic communication channel of goals and these are to stabilise the heart and to get disembarrass of the inordinate K in the dead body . If kidney failure is the causa of hyperkalemia , then hemodialysis is the best intervention selection . In the operation of dialysis , a machine is used to take away the thriftlessness from the body and blood that the kidney can not filter . extra drugs are break to cut the atomic number 19 levels in the blood and Gluconate is given to reduce the impact of potassium on heart . At times , the doctor prescribes diuretics that will make the patient pass water more , so as to remove more potassium through urine . unwritten resins are also given to make the potassium get border and be off in the shape of bowel .
Diet for Hyperkalemia or High Potassium:
Since the master K aspiration is done through diet , it is very important that dietetic modification are done so as to confine further atomic number 19 inspiration . Here are some dietary instruction manual that the patient must follow as place remedy for Hyperkalemia or High Potassium . The design is to limit the atomic number 19 intake to 2,000 mg to 3,000 mg potassium per day .
Foods to Avoid in Hyperkalemia or High Potassium:
Fruits like avocado , apricots , bananas , peach , figs , orangeness ; raisin , prune and Chinese gooseberry are rich sources of potassium . These fruits must be avoided as much as potential . Milk River and other dairy products like yogurt , buttermilk and bungalow cheese are also deep in potassium . Hence , these must be avoided completely from the diet . Fish like Salmon River , tuna , source like flax seeds , pumpkin seeds , almonds , pistachios and helianthus seeds are also bad for hyperkalemia patients as they are rich in potassium . Raisins , dates and tomatoes , as well as beets and chocolate should also be eliminated from the dieting .
Foods to Take in Hyperkalemia or High Potassium:
Fruits like grapefruit , blackberries , grapeshot , plum , lemons , pears , tangerine and strawberries are low in K and hence , are good choices for hyperkalemia patients . cultivated carrot , cabbage , Allium cepa , ladies ’ finger’s breadth , rice , pasta , alfalfa sprouts are well for unconstipated diet as they are very low in atomic number 19 content .
When you survey this dieting , you could sometimes eat the things that you must avoid , yet you wish a lot as it will not make you sickish after a single serving . However , maintaining the amount is your province .
Prevention for Hyperkalemia or High Potassium:
Hyperkalemia is a condition that is entirely dependent on K intake control and kidney functioning . To prevent Hyperkalemia or High Potassium , making certain that your kidney is act properly is the best idea . However , wipe out downhearted K dieting to conserve the counterbalance of K in the body is also not a bad thought .
With right treatment , Hyperkalemia or High Potassium can well be cover and managed . You only have to make certain that the diagnosing is other .
