About Cranial Nerves:
Cranial Nerves are an important part of the human physical structure as these nerves take part in many of the thing that we are able-bodied to do on our own such as seeing , eating , and the like . These nerves come up from the brainpower or brainstem and exist in pairs .
They supply blood and nourishment to various reed organ in the head and the neck country except the vagus heart which has a different social occasion . There are 12 cranial nerve and bulk of them carry centripetal fibers but some cranial cheek carry motor fibers as well and some carry both sensory and motor fiber .
From the 12 cranial cheek , there are two nerves that arise from the cerebellum whereas the rest come up from the brain stem . These cranial nervousness have been named base on their functions and structure . Delineated below are the list of the cranial nerves and their functions in detail .
List Of 12 Cranial Nerves & Their Functions
As say above , there are 12 cranial nerve . These cranial nerves are :
Olfactory Nerve
As the name itself suggest that this nerve deals with the horse sense of smell . The receptors of these boldness are located in the nasal mucosa . This is the short cheek among all of the cranial nerves and it does not enter the brain-stem .
Optic Nerve
Again as the name suggests , this cheek deals with vision and what we are able to see and not see . This mettle arises from the retina of the optic and institutionalise optical signals to the brain which forms a picture of the object that we are see . This nerve is considered to be a part of the peripheral nervous organization . Any price or harm to this cheek can head to complete passing of vision either temporarily or permanently depend on the injury caused to the nerve .
Oculomotor Nerve
The Oculomotor Nerve come third in the tilt of the 12 cranial cheek followed by the olfactory and the optic spunk . The office of this cranial nerve is to ascertain eyeball and eyelid effort . This nerve has two motor ingredient which have their own clear-cut functions and are somatic motor component and splanchnic motor element .
Trochlear Nerve
This is also known as Cranial Nerve IV and is the 4th in the list of cranial nerves . This is the only cranial heart that arises dorsally from the brain . This nervus also provides its service to the eye . The primary social function of this heart is to ply the ability to roll the eye up and down and also outwards .
Trigeminal Nerve
Thetrigeminal nerveis one of most important cranial nerves . It has three branches namely ophthalmic , maxillary , and mandibular . Each branch connect heart from the brain to the unlike parts of the face . The main function of the trigeminal nerve is to provide sensations to mouth , teeth , face and the nasal cavity . This brass also controls the boldness that appropriate us to chew food .
Abducens Nerve
This nerve is also called as Cranial Nerve VI . The independent subprogram of this cranial nerve is to allow movement of the centre sideways meaning away from the nozzle . Any injury to this nerve can leave in an individual having blurred or duple visual sense .
Facial Nerve
The facial nerve is also call as Cranial Nerve VII . It has namely two role of which one is to carry sensory signals from the tongue to the inner portion of the mouth and second this heart helps an individual create facial reflection .
Vestibulocochlear Nerve
As the name suggests , this cranial nerve has function which include two parts of which first is the sense of hearing which is the cochlear part and the 2nd is the ability of an person to balance himself which forms the vestibular part . Any damage or accidental injury to this cranial nerve may result in loss of hearing or balance offspring with the affected individual .
Glossopharyngeal Nerve
The Glossopharyngeal Nerve is the 9th nerve of the 12 cranial nerves that are present in the body . This nerve start from the brainstem and traverses through the Qaeda of the skull and terminates at the back talk in the mucous glands and base of the tongue .
This nerve has various branches which are the tonsillar branch , tympanic leg , stylopharyngeal branch , carotid sinus nerve arm , and lingual branch . Since it divides into many offshoot it has various function .
It experience sensational fibers from the parts of the tongue , carotids , palatine tonsil , and the in-between spike . It also innervate the parasympathetic fibers which aid in digestion and resting the consistency . It also innervate the motor fibers of the stylopharyngeus muscle which aids in swallowing .
Vagus Nerve
This cranial brass is the longest of all cranial nerves and start up from the brain stem and cross all the way down to the abdomen conk theheart , lungs , andesophaguson the way .
This cranial nerve forms a part of the involuntary uneasy system and controls the torso routine which are not in the ascendance of an individual like controlling the middle charge per unit and aiding in food for thought digestion . Stimulation of the vagus nerve is a preferred treatment for patient with epilepsy and depression .
input of the vagus nerve due to overreaction of the body to sealed stimulus lead to a precondition forebode vasovagal faint or fainting episode , as this arousal causes a drop curtain in blood pressure and heart pace .
Accessory Nerve
This is the eleventh cranial nerve of the 12 that subsist in the human body . This nervus controls move of the muscularity of the neck opening . There are really two parts of the Accessory Nerve which are the spinal and cranial variance of which the cranial subdivision is brush aside . The spinal accoutrement nerve allow for occasion to the sternocleidomastoid muscle , theupper backand the articulatio humeri . Any disfunction of this cranial nerve may take to the shoulders and cervix not performing to the desire storey .
Hypoglossal Nerve
The Hypoglossal Nerve is the last of the cranial nerves . The main function of this cranial cheek is to keep in line movements of the spit . This mettle starts in the brainstem and traverse through the carotid arteria and jugular vein and ends up beneath the tongue . Any damage or injury to the hypoglossal nervus may make the tongue completely paralytic resulting in the individual not able to eat or speak in good order . There are many legion causal agent which can damage the nervus hypoglosus nerve such as an infection or an injury to the nerve ensue in the tongue getting paralyzed .
