What is Livedo Reticularis?
Livedo reticularis bear on to the mottled discoloration of the skin which can be seen in various conditions . Livedo reticularis resembles a lace or lucre in appearance and is a cyanotic or bluish discoloration which surrounds a pallid central peel area .
The following terms are also admit under the umbrella condition of livedo reticularis :
Primary Livedo Reticularis : This is a benign type of skin discoloration with no known case .
Cutis Marmorata Telangiectatica Congenita : This is a congenital type of tegument discoloration .
Cutis Marmorata : This form of livedo reticularis is physiological in nature .
Secondary Livedo Reticularis : This type of skin discoloration occurs in relation with an underlying systemic disease
Livedo Racemosa : This type of skin stain is more generalized and stubborn type of livedo .
What are the Causes of Livedo Reticularis?
The cause of Livedo reticularis is any disturbance or impediment of blood line rate of flow to the skin where there is reduced oxygen tautness and minify blood stream to the pelt . This means that the hide does not receive oxygenise blood line which causes a livid discolouration .
Vasospasm in the arteries occurring from cold produces skin discoloration or livedo , which is reversible .
Types of Livedo Reticularis
Cutis Marmorata : In this eccentric of livedo reticularis , the affected role has physiological discolouration of the skin , which is impermanent , and can be figure in about one-half of the infants and also adults upon exposure to cold .
Cutis Marmorata Telangiectatica Congenital : This is a rarified type of livedo where it is very much pronounce at parentage or afterwards . This condition tends to improve with age . Patient also has various congenital abnormality unite with cutis marmorata telangiectatica .
Primary Livedo Reticularis : This word form of livedo reticularis is idiopathic in nature and can be unyielding and is seen in adults . After serious lawsuit are excluded , the diagnosing of primary livedo reticularis will be made .
Livedo Racemosa or Secondary Livedo : This type of livedo reticularis is link up with a variety of systemic disease which include : vasculopathy , antiphospholipid syndrome , Sneddon syndrome , livedoid vasculopathy , cryoglobulinemia , multiple myeloma , Polycythaemia Rubra vera , stale agglutinin disease , hemolytic azotemic syndrome , antithrombin III deficiency , polyarteritis nodosa , protein c and s deficiency , disseminate intravascular coagulation , bass venous thrombosis small , medium and large vas vasculitis , dermatomyositis , systemic lupus erythematosus , creaky arthritis , granulomatosis with polyangiitis andsjogren syndrome .
Nerve disorders can also be associated with secondary livedo and these include worldly arteritis , reflex sympathetic dystrophy , Sjogren ’s syndrome , multiple sclerosisandParkinson disease .
Infections such as syphilis , tuberculosis , mycoplasma pneumonia , bacterial sepsis , viral contagion and rheumatic feverishness are also associated with subaltern livedo .
Secondary Livedo is also seen in malignancies , such as inflammatory breast Crab , renal cellular phone carcinoma , acuate lymphocytic leukaemia and lymphoma .
Medications which can also cause petty livedo are : amantadine , gemcitabine , Minocin , non - steroidal anti - inflammatories and catecholamine .
Other causes of Secondary Livedo are : Septic emboli , cholesterol embolus , thromboangiitis obliterans , homocystinuria , hypercalcaemia , intra - arterial shot , primaryfibromyalgia , pancreatitis and innate hypogammaglobulinemia .
What are the Symptoms of Livedo Reticularis?
vulgar symptoms of Livedo Reticularis are :
How is Diagnosis of Livedo Reticularis Made?
The diagnosis of Livedo reticularis or Livedo racemosa can be made just by attend at it . Different tests are done to search for the underlying cause of Livedo reticularis . The Dr. can also rank a lupus anticoagulant panel in patients with acquire livedo which has developed as a reply to the cold .
Biopsies from the bluish - blood-red and snowy areas of the livedo can be taken if necessitate . Serial part need to be perform of the biopsy and multiple biopsy to help oneself in accurate diagnosing of Livedo Reticularis .
What is the Treatment for Livedo Reticularis?
Livedo reticularis does not have any specific treatment , except for avoiding cold environments . Treating the implicit in causal agent of secondary livedo reticularis will help in reversing the discoloration . Livedo reticularis can impromptu better in some patients with years . In some sheath , re - warming the area of Livedo reticularis , where the cause is not known , helps . It is also important to break smoking to cut down on the jeopardy of interrelate arterial events like stroke .
What is the Prognosis for Livedo Reticularis?
Livedo reticularis on its own is quite a benign term . However , thromboembolic disease from related conditions , such as antiphospholipid syndrome , can do serious arterial events and can turn up black for the patient role . As a someone ages , cutis marmorata becomes less obvious . In affected role with livedo racemosa and primary livedo reticularis , bit by bit the vessel become permanently dilated and the livedo reticularis remains dogged disregarding of the external temperature .
Also say :
