Cysticercosis is the common parasitic infection due to tapeworm Taenia solium ( T.solium ) . When it infects the brain and the spinal corduroy it is call Neurocysticercosis . The rough-cut symptom of Neurocysticercosis is seizure or epilepsy . ab initio it was rife only in developing countries . However , today due to worldwide migration , Neurocysticercosis is found in most of the grow countries as well including United States ( US ) .
Neurocysticercosis: An Overview
Taenia solium , a tapeworm , is commonly found in the muscles of pig . When the uncooked porc is have by human , the eggs of this tapeworm record the body . During the appendage of digestion , these are converted into larvae . Once into the gastrointestinal system , they can extend this boundary and achieve the muscles , eyes and cause a condition visit cysticercosis . When cysts infect Einstein they give rise to a clinical experimental condition called Neurocysticercosis , which is a qualify by frequent seizure . It is fateful since it causes significant illness and accounts for 10 % of exigency hospital sojourn for seizures .
Neurocysticercosis is a neglected parasitical disease and is poorly understood . It is also called as hidden epidemic . It is important to be cognizant of Neurocysticercosis since it is a head cause of grownup onset of epilepsy and its cosmopolitan relative incidence is increase .
Symptoms of Neurocysticercosis
The chief symptom of Neurocysticercosis observed in 70 % cases is Epilepsy . The other symptom include :
Epidemiology of Neurocysticercosis
Neurocysticercosis is rough-cut in poor places which lack in effect public health system . high number of case has been cover from developing countries such as Latin America , India , China and Africa . This parasitic contagion of brain is on ascent globally including the developed country such as United States , United Kingdom and Canada . This is due to the large number of immigrants come from endemic parts . World Health Organization ( WHO ) has reckon globally > 2.5 million people are infected with T.solium and there is an occurrence of 50 thousand death annually due to neurocysticercosis .
Prognosis of Neurocysticercosis
The mild cases of neurocysticercosis are treatable . The first line of medication is the Anti - Epileptic drugs . The cyst are care for with anticysticercal drugs . Duration of treatment is variable and bet on the case .
The prospect is poor in typesetter’s case of racemose type of neurocysticocercosis . It is often associated with increase pace of mortality . In addition , patient role presented with complication may also not respond very well to the handling .
Causes and Risk Factors of Neurocysticercosis
One can get neurocysticercosis in the following way :
Pathophysiology of Neurocysticercosis
Tapeworm , Taenia solium is commonly found in the muscles of a hog . It can taint a person through two ways :
The cysts or eggs of this worm enter our body . These contain the undeveloped larvae in them . When they enter our body , during digestion in stomach , the acidic conditions get rid of the vesicle covering and larvae ( cysticerci ) are released which reach the modest intestine . Due to favorable shape , these larvae grow in sizing by attaching to the intestinal walls . The larvae , then , crossbreed the enteric walls , go in the roue stream and reach muscular tissue , eyes and nous .
Once inside the brain , the larvae remain here for several days as viable cysts . They usually infect the intellectual cortex followed by the cerebellum . The involvement of pituitary gland is rare . The cysts may combine to form a tree - corresponding pattern which is known as racemose neurocysticercosis .
Complications of Neurocysticercosis
In untreated or late diagnosed cases of Neurocysticercosis , the following complications are get a line :
Most of these complication of Neurocysticercosis do not respond very well to the treatment and may lead to poor prognosis .
Diagnosis of Neurocysticercosis
The doctor will do the two tests of the mastermind
When just MRI and CT scan effect are not sufficient additional tests are required as :
Treatment of Neurocysticercosis
The treatment of neurocysticercosis bet on the life stage of the vesicle and its complications . It get going as survey :
Since Neurocysticercosis is a complex disease , hence there is no individual treatment pattern for all patients . Overall , the patient position , number and location of parasites determine the case of treatment to be have .
Prevention of Neurocysticercosis
Neurocysticercosis is a preventable disease . These step to be followed to keep it are :
Human neurocysticercosis is a complex disease . The epileptic seizures are the acquired form of recent adult onset . The balmy cast of neurocysticercosis is treatable ; however , the complicated ones may be unmanageable to treat and often have pitiable prognosis . Appropriate diagnosing with CT scan is necessary . However this adeptness needs to be implement in the rural areas as well which is still miss . Treatment of neurocysticercosis is long and costly ; hence , it is good to embrace preventive measure . Overall , the flux drive of sectors such as health care , veterinary sciences and education of the multitude can serve to control T.solium infections .
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