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There are calculate 20 million people in the United States suffering with peripheral neuropathy . The peripheral neuropathy is present as sensory , motor and autonomic neuropathy . In few cases sensory neuropathy is simultaneously present with motor and autonomic neuropathy , such condition is known as mixed neuropathy . Most cases observed are sensory and motor neuropathy . Autonomic peripheral neuropathy is less common equate to sensory peripheral neuropathy .
Symptoms of Peripheral Sensory Neuropathy
Onset of symptom of peripheral sensational neuropathy is often abrupt and sudden . Sensory peripheral nerve fiber impart entropy of pain , temperature changes , touch modality , pressure , quiver sensory faculty and billet of joint from peripheral tissue to spinal electric cord . Some disease initiate irritation or microscopical injury of peripheral sensorial nerve fibers or receptors . Such physiologic damaging effects of peripheral sensational nerve results in symptom like annoyance , which is known as allodynia . The other unnatural sensory symptoms are tingle and spiritlessness . The neuropathy involving motor face induce weakness and paralysis of muscles supplied by the pretend nerve . Symptoms of peripheral sensational neuropathy like pain , numbness and weakness often becomes intolerable . Symptoms triggered by peripheral sensory neuropathy often disappear for some point of time and may relapse with same grimness or exaggerated symptoms . Peripheral sensory neuropathy often presents as a complication of disease like diabetes or side effects of the chemotherapy treatment .
increase level of glucose in diabetes price receptive nerve receptors and nerve fibers . Persistent increased of blood sugar in individual suffering with diabetes make mild to severe impairment of peripheral sensory brass , which leave in peripheral sensory neuropathy . Autoimmune disease likeGuillain - Barre syndrometriggers resistant system and make up it hyperactive . Hyperactive resistant organisation prepares white roue cadre to assail peripheral receptors and nerves . Guillain - Barre syndrome affects sensorial and motor nerve fiber .
Causes of Peripheral Sensory Neuropathy
Common Causes of Peripheral Sensory Neuropathy
relentless high bloodline wampum when inadequately treated causes diabetic neuropathy . Initial symptoms observed in diabetic peripheral receptive neuropathy is pain sensation and tingling . The symptoms observed during advanced degree of untreated diabetic peripheral neuropathy call for abnormal motor as well as autonomic symptom along with apathy . Abnormal motor symptoms are weakness and paralysis of affected muscles . unnatural autonomic symptoms are urinary and bowel incontinency . The comportment of symptom like apathy , weakness , urinary and bowel self-gratification along with pain in diabetic patient suggests innovative peripheral admixture neuropathy . Pain and numbness symptoms are initially observed in foundation , which bit by bit progresses to both the legs . The symptom later spread out to hand , forearm and upper arm . Diabetesduring modern stages affects all three peripheral heart resulting in receptive , motor and autonomic neuropathy .
Peripheral sensory neuropathy is often observed in affected role who are on diet restriction . Diet restriction or diminish intake of vitamin may cause sensorial peripheral neuropathy . Most often symptoms are remark following Vitamin B6 or B12 want . Vitamin deficiency also causes abnormalities in skin , mucose membrane , and circulatory system .
Peripheral heart injury succeed direct impact of peripheral nerve duringcar accident , work combat injury and sport trauma causes symptom like painfulness , prickling , spiritlessness , muscle weakness and muscularity paralysis because of sensory and motor nervus damage . The severity of symptom reckon on types of nerve injury . Sensory or motor nerve harm because of pinch or laceration of mettle result in reversible price and symptom . While cut and incision of sensorial and motor nerve after impact do by penetrate sharp object results in irreversible nerve hurt . Such accidental injury is also note when bony fragment penetrates or brushes the peripheral nerve keep an eye on fracture or dislocation .
The injured soft tissue paper play along wound or operation heals with scar tissue . If the scar tissue surrounds or attaches to the spunk then any move involving scar tissue paper have rubbing and repetitive tension of nerve leading to peripheral sensory neuropathy . The symptoms like pain and tingle point nerve has been irritated . If the pressure is move out by removing scar tissue paper without damaging nerve then patient is often asymptomatic and feels good . If discussion for peripheral sensory neuropathy have due to repetitious nerve stress is not initiate then nerve may undergo permanent damage followed by symptoms like apathy in peripheral tissue and impuissance in muscles supplied by the nerve .
Rare Causes of Peripheral Sensory Neuropathy
Charcot - Marie - Tooth diseaseis one of the rare hereditary condition colligate with sensational and motor nerve abnormalities , also live as transmissible motor and peripheral sensory neuropathy . The symptoms are watch in upper and lower extremities . The disease pretend mostly smaller and imperfect muscle of hand , human foot and extremities . The condition is name by genetic roue testing , nerve conductivity studies and boldness biopsy .
Hypothyroidismis a disease due to lower yield of thyroid hormone by thyroid gland . Lower thyroid gland hormone do retentivity of fluid and swelling of tissue around the peripheral nerve . Hypothyroidism also boil down the peripheral tissue metabolic process . The continuous imperativeness over the nervus by swollen tissue paper and decrease metabolism of peripheral nerve causes sensory nerve impairment , which result in peripheral receptive neuropathy symptoms like painfulness , tingling and spiritlessness .
Acromegaly and gigantism is have by increase production of ontogeny hormone . The disease make increased development of bones , ligaments and joint capsules . The sensory peripheral nerve often gets trapped within hypertrophied tissue . The trapped grounds pinched or irritation of peripheral sensory face resulting in centripetal nerve wrong .
Bacterial contagion do bacterial percolation of peripheral spunk and spinal cord . The bacteria infection and toxins secreted by bacteria in few case attacks the peripheral sensory and motor face leave in partial or total nerve equipment casualty . The bacterial infection that stimulate centripetal peripheral neuropathies are diphtheria , lime disease , leprosy and mark borne contagion . Viral contagion such as Epstein - Barr computer virus damages the peripheral nerve and the nerve receptors as well as spinal cord . The initial symptoms observed are severe shooting or lightening hurting have intercourse as post herpetic neuralgia orshingles . The viral infection likeHIVvirus induce immunodeficiency and resultant role in AIDS . The AIDS leave in severe nuisance and tingling because of irritation and harm of peripheral sensational heart .
Autoimmune disease is often triggered by viral infection or genetic abnormalities . Once the autoimmune succession is triggered the white rakehell cells attacks the body ’s own tissue include the nerve . Sensory peripheral neuropathy is notice in patients suffering with systemic autoimmune disease such asSjogren ’s syndrome , lupusandrheumatoid arthritis . The white roue cellular telephone nibbles soft tissue like mucosa , joint abridgement , ligament and tendons . The attack of soft tissue paper make tissue inflammation , which spreads to peripheral nerve leave in inflammatory peripheral neuropathy . When the tissue paper surrounding nerves becomes inflamed , the rubor can spread right away into centripetal and motor nerve fibre .
Kidney upset results in impaired kidney function . Severe and inveterate impaired kidney function is also know as uremia . azotemia results in accumulation of fluid and waste merchandise in peripheral tissues as well as electric organ . The unstable and waste Cartesian product irritates as well as indemnity predominantly peripheral sensory nerve resulting in peripheral sensory neuropathy .
benignant genus Cancer the great unwashed irritates or compresses the fence in peripheral cheek receptors and nerve fibers . The irritation or clinch of sensory and motor nervus fibers causes peripheral sensory neuropathy symptoms like pain , prickling , apathy and weakness . likewise malignant Crab mass compress , irritates or infiltrate genus Cancer cell in peripheral sensory as well as motor spunk fibers . The penetration or compression of peripheral heart causes permanent spunk damage . The destruction or damage of centripetal nerve receptor , sensory and motor nerve fibers leave in peripheral mix neuropathy . Few patient suffer with malignant cancer also activate abnormal resistant response . The unnatural immune response touch off far-flung degenerative change in centripetal and motor boldness fibers resulting in premix neuropathy . The stipulation is known as Paraneoplastic Syndromes .
Chemotherapy - Most benignant and malignant cancers are regale by medications and surgery . The medication discourse is have it away as chemotherapy . Pharmacological drug used forchemotherapydestroys cancer cells as well as some of the normal tissue , which include peripheral nerves . The effects on normal tissue are often insignificant when equate to its effect on benign or malignant genus Cancer tissue paper . Most of the cases of peripheral sensory neuropathy cause by chemotherapy are two-sided once the chemotherapy form is complete . Rarely in few case chemotherapy is discontinue when symptoms of peripheral neuropathy become far-flung and predominant .
Environmental or industrial toxins - threatening metal toxicity is often because of using up or photo to lead , mercury , and arsenic metals . Such metal toxicity result in peripheral neuropathy . Industrial solvents are used as insecticide . Regular photo to insect powder survey toxic upshot of solvents over peripheral nerves . The physiological side effect induce degenerative changes of sensorial and motor nerves . Peripheral sensorial neuropath symptoms like tingling , numbness , itching and burning pain are warning signs of perniciousness . remotion of pic to such toxins improves symptoms if permanent legal injury is not already occur .
Heavy Alcohol Consumption - Regular mellow intake of intoxicant causes vitamin deficiency as well as lineal effects on peripheral nerve . The long term drink alcohol results in peripheral sensorial neuropathy . The nerve scathe is often irreversible in patients who is been lush for recollective period of time . The regular inebriant consumption causes vitamin B12 , thiamine , and folate inadequacy play along peripheral neuropathy .
References
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