Atrial Septal Defect is characterize by the bearing of a mess in the septum , which is a wall separating the upper two chambers of the heart . This hole is present in the septum justly from nascence . Thus , atrial septal defect is innate in nature . If the hole is insignificant and pocket-sized in size , then it heals on its own as the tiddler acquire up , however , the importantly with child holes be given to make impairment to the lung and the spirit .
Due to the bearing of this hole , O - poor pedigree leaks into the neighboring chamber containing atomic number 8 - rich profligate . In case an grownup is suffer from an undetected atrial septum , then his chances of survival are quite low as he has huge risks of demise due to high bloodline insistency which may trigger an attack in his heart .
Types of Atrial Septal Defect
Four Main Types Of Atrial Septal Defect Are There , Namely :
Causes of Atrial Septal Defect
Atrial Septal Defect is a congenital condition and is present in the human torso justly from birth . This status arises due to the unnatural development of the heart during the pregnancy period . The formation of the heart takes property in the first eight weeks of pregnancy . nub is initially formed as a small thermionic valve , which later on generates a septum . The septum divides the sum into two sides . During the partitioning mental process , it may so happen that the septum is improperly generated , thereby , a hole is formed in it . This is how atrial septal shortcoming generates .
Symptoms of Atrial Septal Defect
Most of the small fry who suffer from atrial septal defect show no symptom apart from rugged breath and breathlessness after doing small work . Moreover , these children are small in size as compare to other children of their age . In showcase , the hole is importantly large , then the blood easily leak from one bedchamber to the next . As a result of which the lung get overworked and the minor suffering from this mar show the follow symptom .
However , the symptoms are unlike for every nestling . It is also to be noted that these are general symptoms which may characterize many other center diseases and medical condition which affect the children . Thus , it is authoritative to consult with a child ’s physicians for proper diagnosis of the aesculapian shape .
Popular Facts About Atrial Septal Defect
It is more common among girls as their proportion of stick out from this condition is almost double when compare to boys .
Around six to eight percentages of the children who are born with congenital heart disease suffer from this condition .
Diagnosis of Atrial Septal Defect
Since the symptom of atrial septal flaw are quite interchangeable to other paediatric disease , hence the diagnosing is quite difficult . If the child ’s physician comes across aheart murmurwhile listening to the instant , then he / she needs to immediately come to the child to a fondness medical specialist who plow with the diagnosis and proper treatment of inborn heart diseases and other related to aesculapian problem that develop in childhood . The fondness medical specialist carries out a few forcible examinations by listen to the heart and lungs vocalise so as to make precise calculations about the condition . They more often than not evaluate the heart mutter base on their loudness , pitch , stridency , intensity and other such related to broker . This is how the heart specialist get a world-wide theme of the disease the child is suffer from . Once the symptom primarily sharpen towards any finical disease , the heart specialist can proceed to carry out other examinations so as to confirm the syndrome . There are various diagnostic tests present which may sustain the syndrome however they are carried out depending on the age of the nipper and the main clinical condition . Some of the diagnostic mental test are as follow :
Electrocardiogram : This particular test portrays the electrical activity of the mettle and with its help abnormal heart beat can be hunt easily . It also helps to observe stress dissemble on the nub muscleman , if any .
Chest X - beam : Chest 10 - rays help in producing images of the internal tissue , castanets and other organs on theX - raysheet . However , decade - rays can not penetrate through the castanets and thus they give out to trace the image of those organs which are protected by the clappers of the rib cage . When a child suffers from Atrial Septal Defect , then child ’s heart may be larger than the normal sizing as the right ventricle and auricle need to handle the excess pressure generated in the other two chamber of the nitty-gritty . Moreover , the lungs also expand bigger than their normal size of it for accommodate the extra blood flow through it and the changes can be well traced on the hug drug - re sheet .
Echocardiogram : By this physical process , sound wave which are firstly recorded on electronic sensors are made to pass through heart so as to bring out be active images of the heart and valves of it . Echo delineate the radiation pattern in which the line is flowing through the orifice of the atrial septum . It thereby helps to determine the sizing of the gap and the amount of stemma flowing through it .
Cardiac Catheterization : This physical process is considered as one of the best way to substantiate the mien of atrial septate fault . It is an invasive process which provide the cardiologist with a detailed image of the interior of the heart . The patient role is first calm and then a flexible thermionic valve is sneak in in the stock vas present in the genitals and is slowly campaign through the other organs to the heart . It provide right mensuration of workings of the various blood vessels and chamber present in the heart .
Apart from this , a body tolerant dye is also inserted in the body so that the image produced by the electron tube on the screen will be perfectly clear . Generally , it is consider that an echocardiogram is sufficient to confirm the presence of atrial septate mar ; however , cardiac catheterisation gives a elaborate image of the meat and its chamber which not only help to name the syndrome , but also help to have a general mind about the seriousness of the disease .
Treatments of Atrial Septal Defect
There are several methods of treatment uncommitted to treat this aesculapian condition . However , the appendage employed is alone dependent on the following criteria :
The treatment of atrial septal defect is hugely subject on the size of the trap present in the septum . If it is a small hole , then it may naturally heal as the fry originate up . It will naturally close with the time . However , the large hole are the ones that need immediate attention . Once diagnosed with the precondition , the child ’s doctor require to keep up a tabular record of every medicinal drug give to the tike and its burden on the child , whether small or big , the kettle of fish should be repaired during the childhood itself so as to prevent further problems in adulthood .
Types of Medication that are Generally Prescribed to the Children Suffering from Atrial Septal Defect:
Doctors more often than not judge to repair the muddle through medications . They keep surgery as the latter choice because performing an open heart operating theatre on a child can be quite risky . Thus , they prescribe medicinal drug which not only facilitate to repair the hole , but also help the middle to be tolerant towards the air pressure yield on the right side of it due to the flow of redundant blood through the cakehole .
The Below Mentioned medicament Are Prescribed By The Doctors For The Particular Condition :
Digoxin : It increase the intensity level of the various heart muscleman so as to increase their efficiency in pumping blood .
Diuretics : The inaccurate workings of the heart affects the water balance of the torso . This medicinal drug make the kidneys work more efficiently in removing excess weewee from the affected role ’s body .
If the doctors decide to perform a surgery of the heart , then it is done strictly under the effect of general anaesthesia . Once the surgical operation is complete , the gash needs to be stitched up immediately . right precautions need to be taken while perform a operating theatre as a child suffering from atrial septal defect has huge risk of infections on the warmness ’s internal surface get it on as bacterial endocarditis .
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