Liver transmission is because of different types of infective agents which cause inflammation of liver and is screw as hepatitis . rubor mean puffiness of the tissues as a result of injury or infection . If leave untreated , hepatitis induce liver damage and furtherliver failure .
Types of Liver Infections
Liver contagion is of two main types as viral and non - viral liver infection . Viral liver contagion is the inflammation of liver triggered by hepatitis virus A , B , C , D and E. It is the most vulgar type and highly contractable . Viral liver infections cause cirrhosis and liver unsuccessful person . Non - viral liver infection is lighting of liver due to agents other than virus such as bacteria , worm and parasite . This eccentric of liver infection has low relative incidence , is less rough-cut and is not transmittable . Fungal infection feign immunocompromised patient only . Let us understand the details of each types and sub - case of liver infections .
Viral Liver Infections
The five major types of viruses that have liver contagion or hepatitis include Hepatitis A , B , C , D and E. These viruses are unrelated to each other . Viral inflammation is mostly triggered by Hepatitis A , B and C viruses . These three types of viruses make piercing hepatitis . However , bacillus and C can cause continuing hepatitis which last for a recollective time . patient role with liver infection due to hepatitis B or ascorbic acid have severe liver damage due to cirrhosis . Although each type is channel in a unlike manner , the symptoms for all hepatitis viruses are nearly standardised which let in :
lease us discourse each case of hepatitis in contingent .
Hepatitis A virus ( HAV ) enters the body through inspiration of piddle or food contaminate with stool of affected role infect with hepatitis A and wasting disease of raw fish intellectual nourishment . This computer virus is observed in developing countries where there is poor sanitation . It is most likely contracted while travel to such countries . HAV causes penetrative and short term liver inflammation . It make mild hepatitis which resolve within two calendar month . In some rare cases it progresses to induce liver failure .
Diagnosis
Hepatitis A virus is detected by stock test where antibodies to HAV suggest presence of infection .
Treatment
It is a short term disease hence only bed rest is recommended . The contagion clears on its own within one or two month . Patients are advise to take rest , imbibe spate of liquids , use up healthy dieting and obviate consumption of alcohol .
Prevention
Hepatitis B computer virus is seen all over the world and is indigenous in South East Asian area . It is responsible for most of the liver inflammations and liver wrong . It enters the consistence through use of contaminated needles , due to contact lens with infected blood and other eubstance fluids such as vaginal emission and cum . In addition , the risk is increase while having unprotected sex with HBV infected partner and using HBV infected razors and needles . It is also transmitted from septic mother to her baby . It causes both acute and inveterate liver infection . Acute infection is curt term where the infection survive for few workweek since the body is capable to oppose off the contagion . levelheaded adult and small fry are able to recover from HBV infections without any medication . Chronic transmission is a long lasting infection and is serious . It causes stern ignition which hamper the normal functioning of the liver . If left untreated , it leads to further complications such as cirrhosis , liver failure and liver cancer .
The patient role has to undergo forcible examination . Further , both medical history of the patient role and his family is noted . Regular blood tests ( Liver function tests ) are done . Liver biopsy may be advised . Elastography Ultrasound is done to check liver ’s stiffness by using sound wave . Paracentesis is done where the abdominal fluid is removed and tested to determine the drive of its accruement .
There is no specific treatment for sharp hepatitis B contagion . While chronic hepatitis is cover with antiviral medicines . There are six intervention options available for inveterate hepatitis transmission as alpha - interferon , pegylated interferon , Adefovir , entecavir , telbivudine and lamivudine . The interferon are injectable cast while the drugs are to be taken by word of mouth . unwritten medicinal drug avail to conquer the virus growth . The continuance of medicament differs for different patient . Most of the patient show good response to medicines . There is possibleness of side burden due to intake of medicines .
Hepatitis C computer virus causes both knifelike and inveterate hepatitis of the liver . Infection by HCV is curable . Hepatitis C infection remains asymptomatic for decade . Patients with HAV and HBV infection are more prostrate to HCV infection .
The symptoms , risk factors , diagnosing , and bar are same as that of Hepatitis B liver transmission .
A patient with chronic Hepatitis C liver infection will be suggest to take antiviral medicines such as interferon , with or without antiviral drug Virazole . Treatment is based on its subtype ( genetic constitution ) of HCV . These antivirals inhibit the increase of computer virus and are very effectual . The continuance of medicament differs for unlike patient role . They cure the transmission within 12 - 24 weeks . These medicines are very expensive .
There is no vaccinum against Hepatitis C virus .
Hepatitis D virus is not common worldwide and occurs only in some place . It cause redness of the liver . It infect liver cells only in the presence of hepatitis B computer virus infection . Hepatitis D virus has no independent creation and requires hepatitis B virus for its survival .
It spread the same mode as Hepatitis B infection . It causes sharp or chronic or both types of infection .
The risk factors , symptoms , prevention diagnosing are standardized to hepatitis B infection .
Treatment of Hepatitis D is with peginterferon alpha-2a ( Pegsys ) along with medicines against Hepatitis B virus .
Prevention is by immunize against Hepatitis B computer virus . There is no vaccine against Hepatitis D computer virus .
Hepatitis E computer virus causes discriminating hepatitis . It is transmitted through water or food for thought contaminated with faecal matter of person stomach from Hepatitis E infection . It also diffuse on eating undercooked pork or cervid . Hepatitis E virus is seen all over the world with a high incidence in developing body politic where sanitation is poor . The risk factors , diagnosis and treatment are standardised to hepatitis A contagion . There is no vaccinum against Hepatitis eastward virus although some reports mention it being developed and used in China .
The other virus which cause hepatitis are cytomegalovirus , Epstein Barr Virus ( EBV ) , Herpes Simplex virus ( HSV ) .
Non-viral Liver Infections
sure bacterium such as Escherichia coli , Salmonella species , Staphyloccus aureus can infect liver to cause hepatitis . They stimulate both acute and chronic character of non - viral liver infection . These bacteria enter liver through contaminated water and food . They get abscesses and wound on the liver . symptom include febrility , pain in the upper right quadrant of the liver and anoxeria . Diagnosis includes liver function tests and microbiological cultures . It also includes radiological investigations or CT scan . ERCP or colonoscopy is done to estimate the lawsuit of liver abscess . Treatment includes antibiotic medication ( specific to the type of being causing it ) and drain of abscess .
This can be divided into further sub - type :
Conclusion
Liver is infect by dissimilar type of infectious agent such as computer virus , bacteria , parasite and worms . It is important to recognize the symptoms and start treatment immediately to avert grave damage to liver in futurity .
