The protozoan parasites that are known to be of the Leishmania genus are the cause of various diseases such as Leishmaniasis . One of the most terrible form of this disease is the Visceral Leishmaniasis or Kala Azar or Black Fever . After malaria , it is the 2nd most common and largest bloodsucking killer in the world .
Definition of Visceral Leishmaniasis or Kala Azar:
due to Leishmania Donovani , Visceral Leishmaniasis or Kala Azar is an intracellular protozoan transmission that is usually transmitted by phlebotomine sandflies .
Signs and Symptoms of Visceral Leishmaniasis or Kala Azar:
As the name suggests , Visceral Leishmaniasis or Kala Azar is a disease in which the parasite transmigrate to the intimate variety meat . The most common types of symptoms that are seen to be occur in the patients suffering from Visceral Leishmaniasis or Kala Azar are –
Although L. donovani is not the causa of direct death in case of patients suffering from Visceral Leishmaniasis or Kala Azar , it can however , extend to other complications that can be life threaten . Often pneumonia , AIDS , dysentery as well as tuberculosis are seen to be present in the region in which Visceral Leishmaniasis or Kala Azar is see to occur . In such cases , it becomes quite hard to regale the other complication along with Visceral Leishmaniasis or Kala Azar and it adds to the morbidness rate .
Epidemiology and Prognosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis or Kala Azar:
Visceral Leishmaniasis or Kala Azar is a disease that is find to be lot all around the globe and is registered in the five continent and with register fount in 88 country , which is mostly in the tropic and subtropical regions . An estimated 12 million cases of Visceral Leishmaniasis or Kala Azar are found and registered worldwide , with an norm of 1.5 to 2 million new cases in every pass class .
Visceral Leishmaniasis or Kala Azar is one of the most neglected tropical diseases and is found to fall out mostly in the poor and leave out populations of the Indian hoagie - continent , include Bangladesh , Afghanistan and the Syrian Arab Republic , Nepal as well as East Africa , especially Brazil , Ethiopia , Kenya and Sudan . Although there are different form of leishmaniasis , Visceral Leishmaniasis or Kala Azar regard some of the internal organs of the organic structure . Amongst all the registered case , 90 % of the Visceral Leishmaniasis or Kala Azar case are found to go on in the six land of India , Bangladesh , Nepal , Sudan , Ethiopia and Brazil .
If Visceral Leishmaniasis or Kala Azar is diagnosed on time , it can be treated with the latest medical advancements . However , with amiss diagnosing and delay in handling , Visceral Leishmaniasis or Kala Azar can lead to 100 % death . unremarkably the causal agent of death in Visceral Leishmaniasis or Kala Azar is the consequential hemorrhagic or infective complications and hence , Visceral Leishmaniasis or Kala Azar has a high mortality and morbidity rate with 50,000 registered case of end every year , 90 % of these patients suffering from Visceral Leishmaniasis or Kala Azar have die due to absence of treatment .
Cause of Visceral Leishmaniasis or Kala Azar:
Phlebotomine Phlebotomus papatasii , go to the Phlebotomus genus are the insect vector that hold the protozoa of Leishmania donovani . As the sand fly front sop up blood of the quarry , the protozoa Leishmania donovani is shoot into the fair game ’s body and there it completes its life cycle .
Diagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis or Kala Azar:
Diagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis or Kala Azar is very important . This is because holdup in this or even a wrong diagnosis may go to a fatal upshot . Since , Visceral Leishmaniasis or Kala Azar occurs after months of the literal sand - wing morsel or in compositor’s case , after year , it is heavy for a person to remember whether a sand - tent flap has sting him or not . This is the grounds , why it becomes even more unmanageable to understand whether it is Visceral Leishmaniasis or Kala Azar or some other disease . The doctor usually regard the magnification of the spleen and liver as the most pregnant symptom of this disease .
Sample of the bone vegetable marrow biopsy and sample of the origin is collected to check for the presence of the leech in blood as well as pancytopenia and hypergammaglobulinemia . This is call the gold monetary standard for diagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis or Kala Azar , which is done to determine the amastigotes . At time , splenic puncture is also urge ; however , it can cause wicked hemorrhage . Recently the K39 Strip Test or a recombinant protein test is also found to be very useful in diagnosing Visceral Leishmaniasis or Kala Azar , if Serologic Antibody Test for immunoblot , immunochemical assay or collateral fluorescent fixture does not help .
Treatments for Visceral Leishmaniasis or Kala Azar:
The only mode to treat Visceral Leishmaniasis or Kala Azar is the use of some medicines . The common drugs are Sodium Stibogluconate ( Pentostam ) , Pentamidine , Allopurinol , Amphotericin B ( Fungizone ) and Miltefosine ( Impavido ) . These drugs have their side effects in many cases and hence , they should be used only under the surveillance of the doctor , who will also pull off the eventful complication .
Visceral Leishmaniasis or Kala Azar is a highly fateful disease that can be mortal if not treated on time or properly . Hence , diagnosing is must . However , its extent has been reduced to a cracking extent in the retiring few years and vaccinum prep is a cognitive process that is continue to bring electropositive result . Yet , it is always better to stay away from the vector of this leech , as much as possible .
Prevention of Visceral Leishmaniasis or Kala Azar:
The only manner to prevent Visceral Leishmaniasis or Kala Azar is by staying away from these flies as much as possible . To avoid a possible bite , make certain –
