Corticosteroid is a hormone produced by adrenal lens cortex . Adrenal cortex secrets two variety of corticosteroids called glucocorticoids ( corticosterone , cortisone ) and mineralocorticoids ( aldosterone ) . Concentration of corticosteroid hormones is higher in serum follow response to stress and inflammation . Glucocorticoid hormone regulate carbohydrate and protein metabolism . Mineralocorticoids ( aldosterone ) defend degree of sodium by regulate absorption of atomic number 11 in kidney .
Corticosteroid is been used in as alterative medications since 1944 .
1950 – Tadeusz Reichstein , Edward Kendall and Philip Hench were awarded Noble plunder of Physiology and Medicine for their oeuvre on adrenal cortex and hormones secreted by adrenal cortex .
Corticosteroids are anti - inflammatory and distinctly unlike from the anabolic steroids . Anabolic steroid hormone human activity like testosterone and increase intracellular deduction of protein in muscle cellphone .
Corticosteroids are not anabolic steroid neither has side effects same as anabolic steroid hormone .
Synthetic gluco - corticosteroids are dexamethasone , prednisone , Prelone , methylprednisolone , triamcinolone , beclometasone , flurocricosterone acetate and deoxycorticosteone acetate .
Mineralocorticoids are fludrocortisone ( florinef ) and aldosterone .
Mechanism of Action
Steroids cultivate by lessen inflammation and reducing the activity of the resistant system of rules . steroid are used to treat a variety of rabble-rousing diseases and atmospheric condition
Route of Administration
Uses of Corticosteroids
Side Effects of Corticosteroids
Pregnancy
adrenal cortical steroid are contraindicate in maternity even though clinical research indicates miserable teratogenic effect .
Interventional Procedure
Injections are performed as a diagnostic and therapeutic injectant . Diagnostic injection are performed to name and differentiate the crusade of pain from nerve , joint , tendon or muscles .
Procedure
function are perform in surgical center or outpatient surgery facilities . uncontaminating environs , sterilized instruments and sterilized supply must be used to prevent systemic and contact infection . subroutine may be performed under sedation if necessary look on difficulties of procedure and affected role ’s tolerance to needle as well as prone position . Skin condition should be check out prior to programming patient role for process . Procedure is postponed if patient is having skin rash , bruises skin infection or and systemic contagion . Skin should be knock off if necessary prior to routine . Skin is prepped to remove bacterium , dirt and skin oil . Skin is prep by using chloroprep or duraprep according to recommendation and guideline set by manufacturer .
Synthetic corticosteroid is shoot near to inflame tissue paper make severe pain . Needle is placed nigh to inflame tissue under direction of cristal - light beam . Appropriate amount of synthetic cortisone mixture with local anesthetic agent such as lidocaine or bupivacaine is inject after dye bailiwick . Dye study is perform to confirmed position of needle . Patient is observed in convalescence room for any post operating theater complication before discharged home . Patient is discharged home with a gadget driver and send op instructions .
Broad Classification of Interventional Pain Procedures
Each section account below has several muscle , tendons , nerves and ganglions generating several procedures depend on cause of pain .
Synthetic Injectable Steroids
Indication
Results
Complications After Injection
Monitoring During and After Procedure
Contraindication
