What are Vitamins?
vitamin are a group of inorganic compounds naturally occurring in nutrient , need in very small quantities by our body , to perform various authoritative functions like granting immunity , energy production , and making red blood mobile phone . Our body can not synthesise vitamin ; hence , we need to attain them through nutrient . Maintaining a balanced diet fulfils the trunk ’s penury of vitamin .
About Vitamin B
Vitamin B mathematical group ( or B - complex ) is a collection of 8 water supply - soluble vitamin , sharing general similarities , but each performing a decisive biochemical process in the body . They include vitamins B1 , B2 , B3 , B5 , B6 , B7 , B9 and B12 . They may all exploit in coordination in aiding metabolism and assisting chemical reaction in the consistency , but they be severally and have each has a trenchant chemical substance composition . B vitamins are geomorphological factor of cells and are coenzymes in chemical reactions that take place inside a cell . The body uses carbohydrates , fat and protein for fuel . The vitamin type B group aid the body use that fuel .
The human dead body does not by nature acquire Vitamin B and they are well used , destroyed or quickly winnow out from the organic structure . intellectual nourishment processing too reduces the amount of B - radical vitamins in foods . With the exception of vitamin B12 , which can be recycled and recycle by the body , the trunk has a limited capability to store and reuse B mathematical group vitamin . As most of the B vitamins are found in the same foods , a proper nutritious diet can fulfil the soundbox ’s requirement for this food . A person who has a hapless diet may cease up with B - group vitamins deficiency . B vitamins body of work in complex mutuality and a deficiency in one may lead to the unconventional operation of the others . It is crucial to not self - name a vitamin deficiency and refer a Dr. before taking vitamin supplements as overdosing can be toxic .
Types of Vitamin B & Their Discovery, Sources, Role, Deficiency
Vitamin B1: Discovery, Sources, Role & Deficiency
Also be intimate as Thiamine , vitamin B1 acts as a coenzyme in the catabolism of aminic acids and shekels .
Discovery of Vitamin B1 : Vitamin B1 It was discovered in the 1890s by a Dutch military Dr. by the name of Christiaan Eijkman who while find a cure for beriberi disease , light upon that the disease was linked to pulmonary tuberculosis of livid Elmer Leopold Rice , and by add together back the rice bran the symptom could be reversed . Those polishing contained Thiamine . Eijkman received the 1929 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his acknowledgment of this “ anti - beriberi component ” .
Role of Vitamin B1 : Vitamin B1 plunk for normal nervous system functioning , conversion of glucose into Department of Energy , production of hydrochloric pane necessary for chemic digestion of intellectual nourishment and is involved in RNA and deoxyribonucleic acid production .
Sources of Vitamin B1 : vitamin B1 or vitamin B1 is found in a wide assortment of foods , some of its best sources being wholemeal cereal grass grain , sesame seeds , legumes , wheat berry germ , peas , Milk River , Brassica oleracea botrytis , spinach , nuts , squash , ruddy meat such as pork and liver , eggs and barm .
Vitamin B1 Deficiency : insufficiency of vitamin B1 is unwashed in Asiatic country where white-hot rice is the staple diet . In westerly countries , this deficiency is induce due to hapless dieting and dipsomania . A number of diseases are get due to vitamin B1 deficiency such as beriberi that affects the cardiovascular , muscular , and gastrointestinal and nervous system . A person suffering from ‘ dry ’ beriberi may have nerve decadence , poor arm and branch coordination , weight departure , emotional disturbances . Korsakoff syndrome is an irreversible dementedness linked to alcoholic beverage excess and a antiberiberi factor - deficient diet . Its symptom include involuntary campaign of the eyeball , amnesia and genial confusion . inwardness nonstarter and death can be cause in the advanced stages .
Vitamin B2: Discovery, Sources, Role & Deficiency
This character of vitamin barn is also lie with as Riboflavin and is a herald of two enzymatic cofactors call FAD and FMN , require for flavoprotein enzymatic reactions .
Discovery of Vitamin B2 : Vitamin B2 is the 2d B vitamin vitamin to be discovered and D.T. Smith and E.G. Hendrick discovered ovoflavin in 1926 .
Role of Vitamin B2 : Riboflavin or Vitamin B2 is primarily involved in cellular energy production in the citric acid cycle , electron shipping chain and beta - oxidation ( catabolism of fatty acids ) . It is regard in breaking down of proteins and fats , product of crimson rip cadre , assists in maintaining peel and eye health and cell ontogenesis and growth .
Sources of Vitamin B2 : Riboflavin is discover in a encompassing sort of food , some of its dear source being milk , yoghurt , cottage cheese , testis , salmon , beef cattle , spinach , organ meat , ballock E. B. White , and leafy greens .
Vitamin B2 Deficiency : Vitamin B2 deficiency is rarefied and affect alcohol addicts and those who do not consume Milk River products . A number of diseases are caused due to vitamin B1 deficiency , such as ariboflavinosis , symptoms let in break lips , swelling of tongue , tongue turn purple reddened , anxiety , mellow sensitivity to sunlight , painful pharynx , pseudo - syphilis affecting primarily the scrotum and mouth , hair loss and pelt rash .
Vitamin B3: Discovery, Sources, Role & Deficiency
This type of vitamin B is also get laid as Niacin and is a precursor or nicotinic acid and nicotinamide . Both of the B vitamins are essential in oxidative phosphorylation , energy transfer reactions in the metabolism of glucose , fatty tissue and alcohol .
Discovery of Vitamin B3 : Conrad Arnold Elvehjem distinguish the chemical complex body part of Vitamin B3 in 1937 .
Role of Vitamin B3 : Niacin or Vitamin B3 is essential for cellular muscularity yield . The nicotinic superman carries hydrogen and their electron during metabolic reactions , nicotinamide acid as a coenzyme in lipid and nucleic acid deduction . Vitamin B3 help convert carbohydrates , fat and inebriant to energy . Vitamin B3 is crucial in defend the health of the skin , digestive and nervous systems and creating young cellular phone . The body can produce vitamin B3 , but in small quantity .
Sources of Vitamin B3 : Vitamin B3 or niacin is found in a wide variety of foods , some of its best sources being wholegrain boodle and cereals , nuts , lentils , mushroom-shaped cloud meat , fowl , fish and squawk .
Vitamin B3 Deficiency : citizenry bear from vitamin B3 deficiency are unremarkably alcoholics , those with digestive problems in which guinea pig niacin is not absorbed properly . Symptoms of pellagra let in dermatitis , diarrhoea , dementia , insomnia , genial muddiness , loss of appetency , dizziness , failing and aggressiveness .
Vitamin B5: Discovery, Sources, Role & Deficiency
This character of Vitamin B is also known as Pantothenic acid and is a precursor of the coenzyme - A. synthesise from pantothenic acid , Coenzyme A , is involve in the deductive reasoning of amino group Lucy in the sky with diamonds , fatty acids , neurotransmitter and antibody .
Discovery of Vitamin B5 : Vitamin B5 was learn in 1933 by physician R.J.William while researching for the indispensable food for yeast .
part of Vitamin B5 : Vitamin B5 is all-important for cellphone energy output in the eubstance . Vitamin B5 is required to metabolize carbohydrate , protein , fat , alcohol , and production of steroid hormones , lipids neurotransmitter and red blood cellular telephone . Vitamin B5 can be made by the body , but in minor quantity .
germ of Vitamin B5 : Vitamin B5 or pantothenic acid is widely uncommitted in industrial plant and beast solid food beginning and is receive in a wide variety show of foods , some of its best root being whole food grain , avocados , cashew junkie , Arachis hypogaea , lentils , soybeans , meat , poultry , Pisces , reed organ core ( liver , kidney ) , broccoli and Milk River .
Vitamin B5 insufficiency : Vitamin B5 insufficiency is exceedingly rarified and its symptom include loss of appetite , insomnia , fatigue duty , stultification , vomiting , intestinal distress , acne and paraesthesia .
Vitamin B6: Discovery, Sources, Role & Deficiency
Vitamin B6 is also sleep with as pyridoxal and this vitamin vitamin B complex eccentric functions as a coenzyme in the metabolism of amino acids , glucose , and lipoid . Pyridoxine is the most common soma of Vitamin B supplements .
Discovery of Vitamin B6 : In 1934 , Paul Gyorgy find out vitamin B6 .
Role of Vitamin B6 : Pyridoxine or Vitamin B6 is of the essence in maintaining the various bodily routine . Involved in over 100 cellular reaction throughout the body , vitamin B6 is needed to metabolize aminic acid and animal starch , is involved in make vitamin B3 , amino group acids , haemoglobin , and certain brain chemical . Vitamin B6 also maintains blood glucose story , pretend the deductive reasoning of specific brainiac chemicals , influence endocrine activeness level , worldwide Einstein development , resistant purpose and steroid internal secretion activity . Vitamin B6 may be utilitarian in the treatment of carpal burrow syndrome and PMS .
Sources of Vitamin B6 : Vitamin B6 or Pyridoxine is see in a multifariousness of nutrient item , some of its best source are meat , domestic fowl , eggs , banana , fish , cereal grain and legumes , green and leafy vegetables nuts , liver and yield .
Vitamin B6 want : Vitamin B6 deficiency is found in those people who consume inordinate alcohol , women who are on the contraceptive pill , elderly people and those who suffer from thyroid disease . Symptoms of Vitamin B6 want admit insomnia , depression , anemia , cracked corners of the mouth , confusion , dermatitis , smooth tongue convulsions , pink eye ; neurological symptom like epilepsy , irritability , slump , anxiety and muscle twitching . gravid doses of vitamin B6 take over a long period can lead to irreversible nerve damage .
Vitamin B7: Discovery, Sources, Role & Deficiency
Vitamin B7 is also make out as vitamin H and is a cofactor for many enzymatic reaction call for for the deduction of many fatty loony toons and in gluconeogenesis .
Discovery of Vitamin B7 : Dean Burk was a carbon monoxide - spotter of vitamin H .
part of Vitamin B7 : Biotin or Vitamin B7 plays a key role in the metamorphosis of lipids , carbohydrate , protein and fat . Vitamin B7 is involve in the deductive reasoning of glucose . It is an essential beauty vitamin and stand healthy hairsbreadth , peel and nails . High biotin intake can lead to a rise in cholesterol levels .
root of Vitamin B7 : Biotin or Vitamin B7 is found in a act of food particular , some of its skillful generator are cauliflower , egg yolks , earthnut , brewer ’s barm , strawberries , organ meat , cheeseflower , poultry , mushroom cloud and soya .
Vitamin B7 Deficiency : Biotin deficiency is rare as not only does the consistence produce a diminished amount of vitamin H itself , but is wide distribute in a number of food items . Moreover , the soundbox require only belittled amounts of vitamin H . Vitamin B7 deficiency is unremarkably found in multitude , such as body builders who over a flow consume large amounts of eggs ovalbumin , because a protein in the bollock white prohibits the absorption of biotin . Symptoms of Vitamin B7 deficiency include wan or grey hide , hairsbreadth loss , nausea , dermatitis , brawniness pain , cracked sensitive spit , depression , nausea , failing , hallucinations , abnormal heart actions , exit of appetite , wry scaly tegument and fatigue duty . In infants , vitamin H insufficiency may lead to impaired growth and neurological problem .
Vitamin B9: Discovery, Sources, Role & Deficiency
Vitamin B9 is also fuck as folic acid or folate and is a precursor necessitate to revivify and synthesise DNA . Vitamin B9 assist the transfer of carbon unit of measurement in the metamorphosis of nucleic pane and amino dose . Vitamin B9 is a cofactor in various reaction and is especially essential for rapid cell division and growth . Vitamin B9 or folic acid is the synthetic human body of folate .
Discovery of Vitamin B9 : In 1933 , Lucy Wills discovered folic superman or vitamin B9 .
theatrical role of Vitamin B9 : pteroylmonoglutamic acid help in the formation of red blood cells that carry atomic number 8 around the body . Its most authoritative function is DNA deduction and metabolism through methylation . Folic acid or Vitamin B9 is all-important in foetal wellness and development , and development of the child ’s neural system of rules . Childbearing woman should rust folate rich food in the initial stage of maternity to reduce the peril of neural tube defects such as spina bifida in the babe . Folic Zen is used extensively in food fortification and dietary addendum .
source of Vitamin B9 : Folate or Vitamin B9 is find in a sort of intellectual nourishment some of its full source being bread , cereal grass , citrus fruits , prickly-seeded spinach , asparagus , light-green leafy veg , legumes , fowl , eggs , source , brewer ’s yeast , liver , bastioned orange succus , common beet , dates and avocados .
Vitamin B9 Deficiency : The eubstance produces some amount of folacin itself , but it is insufficient . Vitamin B9 deficiency symptom are helplessness , fatigue , weight deprivation , macrocytic anemia , high-minded levels of homocysteine and in pregnant women it may lead to birthing defects . Folate is deal non - toxic , but extravagant ingestion over a period can pass to crossness and intestinal problems .
Vitamin B12: Discovery, Sources, Role & Deficiency
Vitamin B12 is also have it away as cyanocobalamin and is a coenzyme need and substantive for almost every metabolic natural process in the organic structure . Vitamin B12 is a cofactor for methionine synthase , which converts homocysteine to methionine , which in crook is used for the methylation of DNA .
Discovery of Vitamin B12 : The knowledge of vitamin B12 has been developed over the years by inquiry of various scientists .
use of Vitamin B12 : Vitamin B12 is crucial for metabolism of carbohydrate , protein and lipids . Vitamin B12 is closely related to folate and both depend on each other for their right functioning . Vitamin B12 is decisive in the unconscious process of cellular energy yield and is want for the geological formation of red blood cells , DNA synthetic thinking and aids in normal nervous system functioning , as it maintains the myelin , which is the screening of the unquiet cells .
rootage of Vitamin B12 : Vitamin B12 is obtain in a variety of food item and its chief sources are liver , egg , meat , Milk River , tall mallow , chicken , beef and fish . Almost anything of the beast descent is rich in vitamin B12 .
Vitamin B12 Deficiency : Vitamin B12 deficiency is most commonly get hold in the aged , vegan and titty - fed babies of vegan mothers ; as vitamin B12 is mostly from animal origin and . symptom of are vitamin B12 deficiency include : sight loss , truncation of breathing time , insidious anaemia , macrocytic anemia , cacoethes , psychosis , memory loss , cognitive defects , weightiness loss , red of appetency , natural depression , anxiety and in advanced case , palsy .
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