Thrombosis is a serious aesculapian experimental condition , which make blood line clot inside the blood watercraft lead in obstruction through the circulatory system . Portal vein thrombosis refers to venous thrombosis that progress in the trunk part of the portal vein particularly at the rightfield and left intrahepatic ramification . It may also extend to the spleen or superior mesenteric veins ( belittled intestine ) or towards the liver involve intrahepatic portal branches . Portal vein thrombosis occurs in affiliation with cirrhosis of the liver and seldom with malignance of liver . It is an significant cause of non - cirrhotic pre - hepatic portal high blood pressure all over the humans .
Some Statistics of Portal Vein Thrombosis
The preponderance of portal vein thrombosis in salaried liver disease has been cover to be 0.6–16 % ; 15 % in patient role awaiting liver transplantation and up to 36 % in explanted liver on histopathology . It is see in up to 35 % of cirrhotic patient with hepatocellular carcinoma . The life peril of portal vein thrombosis in oecumenical universe is reported to be 1 % .
What Are The Portal Vein Thrombosis Complications?
The pathophysiology of portal vein thrombosis is often refer to as ‘ Virchow ’s triad ’ , which describes the three broad family of factor such as venous stasis , endothelial injury , and hypercoagulopathy . These three condition are the fundamental drive of portal vein thrombosis which is also the reason for malignance , chronic liver diseases , local inflammatory processes , systemic disorders including myeloproliferative disorders , and thrombophilia .
The blood clot in the portal vein can able to cause a serious untoward reaction , which may be short or long - term upshot in the affected somebody . The interference construct complications in the extrahepatic portal and lienal vein . The obstructer of mesenteric vein also shows a high part of complications , which leave in last due to intestinal infarct .
Portal high blood pressure is the independent reason for a drawn-out full point of portal vein thrombosis in patient . It could also leave in dilated and twisted venous blood vessel which are referred to as varicose . It also happens in the gullet and more frequently in the stomach . These conditions are called as esophageal varices and stomachal varices where veins can bleed copiously . haemorrhage occurs because of portal vein thrombosis in most of the patients with cirrhosis . When compared to cirrhotic patients without portal vein thrombosis , 10 % higher bleeding rate occurs in cirrhotic patients with portal vein thrombosis . Cirrhotic portal hypertension is one of the most important risk factors for hemorrhage and portal vein thrombosis in cirrhotic patients importantly worsens the disease . This collateralization of the portal vein sometimes can pass to the progression of the status so - called portal cavernoma .
Portal vein thrombosis also occurs rarely in the newborn and children . Infection of the umbilical cord stump ( at the navel ) and appendicitis are the two - factor triggers the formation of blood clots . Another knottiness that occurs less oftentimes in patient due to confirming vessel formation is hepatic brain disease .
Primary Prophylaxis
To prevent thrombosis and bleed in cirrhosis of the liver patient role , broken - molecular - weight heparin enoxaparin was very useful . It is effectively involve in decreasing the rate of hemorrhage , bacterial translocation , and liver decompensation .
Patient selection for anticoagulation stay combative . Anticoagulation is importantly essential for liver transplant to forbid the progress of portal vein thrombosis and to reduce post - transplant morbidness and fatality rate . Vitamin K antagonists , scummy - molecular - weight Lipo-Hepin , verbatim - acting unwritten anticoagulants are some of the anticoagulant medication presently available for the handling of portal vein thrombosis .
Also Read :
