Liver is the secondly largest organ in the human body and has over 500 functions . When the liver is not functioning optimally due to various rationality , the sign can be seen with elevated liver enzymes . The most coarse liver enzymes are alanine transaminase ( ALT ) , aspartate transaminase ( AST ) , alkaline phosphate ( ALP ) , lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH ) , and gamma glutamyl transferase ( GGT ) .
What can Cause Liver Enzymes to be Elevated?
Many conditions and diseases can cause liver enzyme tiptop :
These include intoxicant usance , hepatitis A , hepatitis B , hepatitis C , obesity , non - alcoholicfatty liver disease , liver cirrhosis of the liver , fondness failure , certain medications ( Tylenol , statin drug ) , autoimmune hepatitis , alcohol-dependent hepatitis , cytomegalovirus infection , celiac disease , Epstein - Barr virus , hemochromatosis , liver cancer , kissing disease , thyroid disorderliness , pancreatitis , polymyositis , sepsis , toxic hepatitis , Wilson ’s disease , adrenal insufficiency , alpha 1 antitrypsin insufficiency , diabetes , muscle disorder , liver or gall duct neoplasm . It can also be do due to excessive herbal supplements such as kava , pennyroyal , comfrey and skullcap .
Non - alcoholic fatty liver disease is one of the most common causes of liver enzyme summit . fat liver , not only fall out due to excessive inebriant consumption , but also due to unhealthful lifestyle head to excess fat dethronement in the liver . It is mostly examine in rotund masses and requires lifestyle modification to reverse the condition .
Alcohol abuse is the most common cause of liver enzyme elevation direct to liver harm as metabolism of alcoholic drink take a toll on liver over time . Chronic alcoholism can moderate to fatty liver , fibrosis , cirrhosis , liver failure , and even end .
Viral hepatitis , such as hepatitis A , hepatitis B or hepatitis C can all lead to liver enzyme elevation . All these viral infections can make liver inflammation causing symptom of helplessness , abdominal pain , sickness and puking and bitterness . Hepatitis can often go undetected for days .
Autoimmune hepatitis is a condition in which physical structure ’s own immune system assail the liver cell . This could lead to liver rubor , thus causing liver enzyme elevation . Autoimmune hepatitis is idiopathic in nature , but is supposed to have environmental and genetical predisposition . Patients often have symptoms of helplessness , abdominal pain , muscle pain in the ass , intumescency and deprivation of appetite .
Medications , such as Tylenol , ibuprofen , Empirin , naproxen , statins , tetracyclines , certain antibiotics and anti - seizure medications can lead to elevation in liver enzymes .
Liver cirrhosis is the legal injury to liver due to unreasonable fibrosis / scarring of the liver , which leads to its malfunctioning . It can ultimately conduct to liver nonstarter and death . Liver enzymes are also lift in liver cirrhosis .
Mononucleosisis a viral disease that is mostly because of EBV ( Epstein – Barr computer virus ) , in some example by CMV ( cytomegalovirus ) , and is usually transmitted by kiss , thus it is also known as “ kissing disease ” . It presents with symptoms of painful pharynx ( pharyngitis ) , mellow pyrexia and lymphadenopathy . infectious mononucleosis causes liver inflammation thus cause liver enzyme elevation .
Celiac diseaseis aninflammatory bowel diseaseand the individuals having it have gluten sensitivity , thus it is also known as gluten sensible enteropathy or sprue . The cause of this disease is sensitiveness of the resistant scheme to gluten racy or gluten containing foods such as straw , barleycorn , rye and many other foods . coeliac disease could causediarrheaorconstipation , if gluten is consumed . It can lead to enteral lining damage , which causes malabsorption of nutrients leading to anemia , failing , weight loss and patients of coeliac disease also incline to have elevated liver enzyme .
Wilson disease is a rare transmitted disorderliness that stimulate overweening aggregation of copper in liver and learning ability . extra atomic number 29 leads to damage of these organs and liver enzyme elevation . It presents with symptoms of weakness , vomiting , itching , acrimony and swelling of peg and abdomen .
Liver cancer can also cause rarified liver enzymes . The most vulgar primary liver Crab is hepatocellular carcinoma , but most of the cancers of liver are secondary due to metastasis as all the blood passes through liver .
The underlying cause of elevated liver enzyme are determined by extra liver blood tests , physical examination , ultrasound , computed axial tomography , and liver biopsy . Elevated liver enzymes can be normalized by process the underlying cause and dietary modifications .
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