Tension pneumothorax is the progressive build - up of melodic phrase within the pleural blank . When the patient can not compensate and if not treated instantly patient can even die of tension pneumothorax . Therefore it ’s very important to place patients with tension pneumothorax and plow them as promptly as potential .
What Causes A Tension Pneumothorax?
Tension pneumothorax is the reformist built - up of aura within the pleural space . A tenseness pneumothorax develop when a ‘ one - way valve ‘ is created and air making water take place either from the lung or through the bureau rampart to the pleural blank space . causal agency are penetrating injury to the chest of drawers , close pneumothorax progressing into a tension pneumothorax , unwritten pneumothorax progressing into a latent hostility pneumothorax , patients who are on positive air pressure ventilation and iatrogenic lung combat injury also can make stress pneumothorax . The most common causa for tenseness pneumothorax is penetrating lung injury . tautness pneumothorax is a life threatening condition as it leave to respiratory and circulative instability , and if not treated right away can cause destruction .
Penetrating Injury To The Chest
Most vernacular cause of stress pneumothorax is penetrate accidental injury ( trauma ) to the bureau . It can be a stabbing accidental injury or gunshot . Injury to pleural tissue can cause the lung to collapse and melodic line can leak out out to the pleural space . The tension can built up and it can cause tenseness pneumothorax .
Closed Pneumothorax
This is another cause for tenseness pneumothorax there will be no open wound in the chest but the blunt hurt could have stimulate a pneumothorax and if not identify ab initio it can progress into a tension pneumothorax e.g. blunt psychic trauma can fracture the rib , the fractured costa can cause a lung injury , and air will leak out to the pleural space .
Spontaneous Pneumothorax
Even patients with ad-lib pneumothorax can progress to tension pneumothorax .
Iatrogenic Lung Injuries
Pneumothorax which come due to a complication in a surgery , medical treatment or probe
Sometimes during bureau surgery the surgeon can cause accidental injury e.g. due to subclavian fundamental vein puncture . This can give ascent to a tension pneumothorax and the operating surgeon as well as the staff should be wakeful about this .
Positive pressure ventilation
tenseness pneumothorax may modernize insidiously , specially in patients with positive pressure ventilation system . This can occur immediately and sometimes after few hours therefore , supervise the patient ’s full of life polarity are authoritative .
How Does Tension Pneumothorax Occur?
When you breathe the air goes to the lung and then atomic number 8 is replace within the lung blood vessels ( perfusion ) which carries oxygenate profligate to the heart . Then when you breathe out the air goes out of the lung . The pleura are two membrane which cover the lung and the place in between the pleura is called pleural infinite . Pleural space is filled with a fluid . No air enter the pleural space unremarkably .
As remark above tension pneumothorax is the progressive make - up of air within the pleural space . A tension pneumothorax develops when a ‘ one - direction valve ‘ is make and air leakage take place either from the lung or through the chest rampart .
Air is forced into the pleural space without any means of evasion , completely collapsing the dissemble lung . There is less air that can be exchanged for perfusion in the lung . Once the lung is collapse the pressure tend to compress the mediastinum to the paired side to the untouched lung . ( The mediastinum is important region of the body located between the lungs the structures that lie in this region let in the heart , the esophagus , the trachea , and large blood vessel ) .
This will minify the venous return to the heart and cut the cardiac output . compaction of the unmoved lung ( normal lung ) will further contract the atomic number 8 perfusion . This leads to respiratory and circulatory instability , which is yell tensity pneumothorax and may even result in last if not treat like a shot .
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