The full term of atelectasis is associated with the flop of a peripheral lung region , segmental or lobar , or to the monolithic prostration of one or both lung , which motivates the impossibility to perform gasoline telephone exchange .
This anomalous situation is a moment of different pulmonary or extrapulmonary disorders , so this pathological entity is not a disease per se , but the reflection of an underlying pulmonary pathology .
What Causes Compression Atelectasis?
In densification atelectasis , the pulmonary collapse occurs because the parenchyma is compressed by an extrinsic cause , resulting in alveolar breeze output through of the permeable airways .
In the collapse by contraction or healing , there is a decrease in pneumonic volume , due to the presence of local alterations or extrapolate unchewable tumors in the lung or pleura , preventing their complete expansion .
When the lung retracts , the intrapleural pressure becomes electronegative , moderate to the divagation of mediastinal structures towards the affected side to overcompensate for bulk loss , also causing hyperinflation compensatory of not dissemble pulmonary areas .
The symptoms that occur in an atelectasis calculate fundamentally on two factors : the underlying disease and the order of magnitude of the obstruction . Sometimes atelectasis may not show symptoms , unless that the obstruction is important .
There is a great variableness in relation to clinical expression and will also count on the causal factors of atelectasis .
Whatever the cause of atelectasis , external compaction , intrabronchial blockage or deactivation or absence seizure of wetter , the collapse is accompanied by absorption of the gentle wind contained in the air cell , associated with the loss of volume of the affected area .
Atelectasis compromises pulmonary functionalism whatever the pathology that grow it , causing alterations in the pulmonary mechanic and therefore in the gaseous telephone exchange .
There is a commitment in the “ pulmonary compliance ” ( compliance = volume / pressure ) , affect this pneumonic elasticity in recounting to the duration of pneumonic collapse , since the longer duration of atelectasis , higher insufflation imperativeness will be required to attain an enlargement of the crumble territories .
The elastic resistances presented by lung of the grownup and the child are interchangeable , however , the breast wall of the baby is more distensible , and the retraction of this wall contributes to creating a difficulty in insufflating the lungs in sexual congress to the grownup , so in these pocket-size the work necessary to introduce a volume of atmosphere in the lung is ranking with esteem to the grownup .
The pathophysiological chemical mechanism of atelectasis constitution is dissimilar depending on the causa of the collapse .
In the case of atelectasis due to bronchial impedimenta , the air contained in the alveoli is reabsorbed , because the partial pressure of these is less than the pressure of the venous blood , leave in the passing of the alveolar gases into the parentage , until a complete collapse .
The symptomatology that we can find in the evolutionary course of action of condensation atelectasis is as follows :
-A Cough : It occur when the obstruction is increase in frequency and intensity as a justificative mechanism , for prove to solve the obstruction .
– haemoptysis : It may appear when the grounds is the aspiration of a foreign body or infectious process .
– Dyspnea , Cyanosis , And Stridor : Evident when the flight path stenosis occurs .
– Chest PainAnd Fever : due to super - infection secondary of atelectasis .
-Mediastinal Shift And Cardiac Noise : In case of monumental atelectasis this shift to the affected side occurs , being this discover more frequent in little children , due to great mobility of the mediastinum that they possess .
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of compression atelectasis should begin with the public presentation of a stark clinical account , follow by a thorough examination of the patient , after which physician will investigate the aetiology of the process .
The diagnosing of compression atelectasis in children has many difficulty and a high level of clinical suspicion is needed to exclude atelectasis in children with knifelike or continuing symptoms of the respiratory tract .
Compression atelectasis is a sign of disease , but it does not evoke “ per se ” a specific diagnosing . It can be located in any lobe or lung segment , being the lower , both aright and leave lobes those collapsing most frequently .
The pulmonic crash mainly occurs in compaction atelectasis because the parenchyma is press by an international suit .
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