The nerve and the blood vessels constitute the circulatory system . The arteria , veins and capillary tubing comprise the vascular organisation of our body . The artery carry pure blood from the heart to the tissues and reed organ ; while the vena carry impure ancestry from the tissue to the lungs . The capillary tube connect the mellow pressure level artery to the crushed insistency veins . This aid in slowing down the blood stream and let substitution of oxygen and nutrients . In type of absence seizure of capillary tubing , the normal blood circulation is disrupted . This condition is called arteriovenous misshapenness . It is a complicated job and needs to be understood in item .
What is Arteriovenous Malformations?
Arteriovenous misshapenness ( AVMs ) refer to the connecter of arteries and veins without capillaries between them . It result in irregularity which moderate to tangling of arteria and vein . This in turn intervene with the normal rakehell circulation .
Arteriovenous deformity are innate and develop at birth . Overall , they are rare in occurrence . They can occur anywhere in the physical structure including brain , spinal cord , affectionateness , abdomen , lung , kidney , iris , shoulders and extremity of limb . When they occur in heart it results in inwardness bankruptcy .
Types of Arteriovenous Malformations
The different types of arteriovenous malformations are :
The arteriovenous malformations can go on at any place in the organic structure . The vulgar sites of occurrent are :
Although , the most common spot of occurrence of arteriovenous malformation are brain , spinal corduroy and lung , the other situation where it can occur are heart , abdomen , kidney , uterus , shoulder , extremity of limbs and also in the iris .
Symptoms of Arteriovenous Malformations
In most of the shell , the patient is symptomless . Arteriovenous malformations are usually uncover during an autopsy or during the discussion of some other rudimentary aesculapian condition . The severity of the symptom variegate from someone to someone and in some people these can be even life sentence imperil . The symptom differ depending on the location of arteriovenous misshapenness in the body .
Since there is ho-hum buildup of neurological abnormalities , it is follow that symptoms seem at any geezerhood and are find when hoi polloi are in their twenties or above . The symptoms are less austere if they seem at a late stage . When they occur in the brain , the associated symptom include :
Some neurological symptoms come out just after giving birth and the defect is usually present within a major blood vessel located deep inside the brain . It is often interpret as enlargement of the head due to accumulation of fluid inside sure distance in the mastermind and seizures . There is heart bankruptcy and the babe does not survive . Those who exist , parade developmental abnormalities . The child who is born with arteriovenous malformation has a blueish tint on the skin due to absence of oxygenated pedigree . The skin turns mystifying Red River or purple as the child arise .
In caseful the spinal cord is bear upon , it causes unfitness to move the limbs and there is loss of balance . symptom such as spiritlessness or pain in the affected area may develop . When it affects other electronic organ , breast or abdominal cavity , it results in painfulness in the abdominal cavity , back and thorax realm . Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations normally do not extract any symptom .
Epidemiology of Arteriovenous Malformation
Globally , the occurrence of arteriovenous malformations is uncommon . It has been studied that relative incidence rates of arteriovenous miscreation in USA is 1.4/100,000 . There is lack of entropy at present in vista of its prevalence in term of grammatical gender and ethnic groups .
Prognosis of Arteriovenous Malformation
Arteriovenous malformations can not be prevented . They can be managed with proper aesculapian care such as medications for controlling haemorrhage and blood air pressure problems uprise due to it .
Causes of Arteriovenous Malformation
It is a inborn problem and the accurate effort of arteriovenous malformations is unknown .
Pathophysiology of Arteriovenous Malformation
The formation of arteriovenous malformations causes intense pain and leads to serious aesculapian problems . Arteriovenous malformation get more and more large in size of it . Increased line of descent flow through the entangle vessels forces the heart to make for hard . This leads to worsening of the maze and due to extreme fragility , it can lead to hemorrhage .
The precise cause of arteriovenous malformations is not empathise . It is take in that during fetal development a number of unexampled rakehell vessels are form and they melt as the human body develops . These changes are govern by the hormone and other factors that allow fresh blood vessels formation . Researchers have identified that alteration in these gene precede to the vascular abnormality .
When study in familial inherited arteriovenous miscreation , there is a transmitted mutation in chromosome 7 which affects the vascular evolution and leads to a type of brain arteriovenous malformation called cavernous misshapenness .
Risk Factors for Arteriovenous Malformation
If there is a category account then it increases the chances of develop arteriovenous malformations .
Complications of Arteriovenous Malformation
Bleeding in arteriovenous malformations can lead in black cam stroke .
Diagnosis of Arteriovenous Malformation
Arteriovenous malformation are observe by the follow way :
Treatment of Arteriovenous Malformation
Headaches , seizures , nausea can be treat with medication . operative discourse is the recommended handling modality for direction of arteriovenous malformations . Its main goal is to prevent hemorrhage , control ictus and prevent other neurological symptoms .
It may involve :
The type of intervention depends on the size and positioning of arteriovenous malformations . In lawsuit of neurologic arteriovenous malformations , the discourse conclusion is often challenge . Hence , Spetzler - Martin range system of rules is used to make a decision between surgical and nonsurgical discussion for direction .
Arteriovenous miscreation are of rare happening and most of which are present in the psyche , spinal cord and lungs . It can be treated by surgical intervention which is very thought-provoking . Hence enquiry efforts should aim towards understanding the pathology of this disease and to have better treatment strategies .
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