What is Landau-Kleffner Syndrome?
Landau - Kleffner Syndrome is an extremely uncommon pattern of seizures or epilepsy pass off in children ordinarily between the ages of 3 and 9 years of age . This disorder impair the power of the child to understand instruction and be able to convey to others . Landau - Kleffner Syndrome strike the functioning of thebrainsuch that there are unnatural electric brain waves especially when the child is asleep resulting in the child take capture .
Apart from capture , children with Landau - Kleffner Syndrome also have impaired behavior , motor skill , and have trouble learning . Another name given to Landau - Kleffner Syndrome is epileptic aphasia where aphasia intelligibly signifies the inability of the child to use language and speak or communicate .
What are the Causes of Landau-Kleffner Syndrome?
There is not much known about the causes of Landau - Kleffner Syndrome . This condition is seen predominantly in boys than girls . In some case , there has been a crime syndicate history of Landau - Kleffner Syndrome . research worker conceive that a kid with Landau - Kleffner Syndrome has an inbuilt abnormality that leads to unnatural electrical activity in that country of brain that is responsible for for language processing . This unnatural electrical activity prevents the brainiac cells from work normally ensue in the kid lose his or her language skills . In some cases , this abnormal electric activity make seizures , especially when the baby is asleep .
It can not be said that the brain of the kid with Landau - Kleffner Syndrome is damaged to any extent but that the nous is unable to do certain routine due to some unnatural electrical activity which causes the fry to lose skills that he or she may have had previously like the ability to speak , read , wrist , sympathize instructions . These impairments may get better or take a turn towards exacerbate with meter as the child grows . This makes Landau - Kleffner Syndrome a bit unpredictable .
What are the Symptoms of Landau-Kleffner Syndrome?
There are three major symptom of Landau - Kleffner Syndrome . These symptom are :
expiration of language acquisition : In the initial stage of life , the kid with Landau - Kleffner Syndrome will have normal speech skills and will be able to sympathise and grasp commonly but after reach the age of 3 or 4 the child starts to bit by bit lose all the accomplishment that he or she had gained previously . His exit of skills may be of sudden onrush of may be gradual due to the capriciousness of Landau - Kleffner Syndrome . Some nipper may even attempt to hide this and may apply visual cues to compensate for their lack of hearing or inability to understand but bit by bit there is a trend towards fixation where the child bulge out to lose his or her power to utter or understand language .
behavioural Changes : This is the second symptom of Landau - Kleffner Syndrome . The behavioural change colligate with Landau - Kleffner Syndrome may include hyperactivity , rock-bottom concentration , irritability , pettishness tantrums , and problem with interaction with match . The fry may also have effect with fine motor coordination and move . The minor may also have trouble with eating and may not have clearness in voice communication . The child may also demonstrate clumsiness and shakiness .
Seizures : This is the third and most clinching grounds that the child is suffering from Landau - Kleffner Syndrome . A tyke with Landau - Kleffner Syndrome will have seizure first before the real regression of their ability starts . The gaining control associated with Landau - Kleffner Syndrome are rather short and have a decided relationship with the nipper ’s power to understand and comprehend words skills and ability to do other motor coordination body process .
How is Landau-Kleffner Syndrome Diagnosed?
The diagnosis of Landau - Kleffner Syndrome can be made just by taking a clinical history of the child and examine the child ’s ability to communicate and understand language skills . During clinical interview , it will become more or less apparent that the minor apparently retrogress when he or she reached age 3 or 4 along with a account of short spanned ictus will decisively point towards Landau - Kleffner Syndrome . A physical testing may show difficulty with movement in some face . The doctor may order an MRI of the brain for completeness sake and rule out other upset but in legal age of the guinea pig this come back as normal .
EEG of the child will detect unnatural electrical activity over the areas of the brain which are responsible for language sensing . This abnormal electric activity will increase when the test is bear with the fry being asleep . Since Landau - Kleffner Syndrome is so rare , it becomes quite common for doctors to depend for other causa for the condition and when all the conditions are ruled out the diagnosis of Landau - Kleffner Syndrome is confirm .
How is Landau-Kleffner Syndrome Treated?
When the disease condition is in its active phase angle thenmedicationswill be give for seizures to control the abnormal natural action of the brain . by and large in Landau - Kleffner Syndrome , there are two types of seizures which come about . One is seeable and affects the language skill of the nestling while the other one is invisible and appears when the child is at rest and is actually the campaign for regression of the acquisition that the small fry has . For these seizures , the small fry is ease up anticonvulsants . These medications are quite effective for the visible form of the seizures but are not as effective for the unseeable form of the seizures , although some children may respond to them favorable if given in high doses .
Steroid medications have render to be quite effective in stop both type of ictus in Landau - Kleffner Syndrome and also allows the nestling to regain a destiny of the lost skills . The steroid are yield in short bursts and the child is closely monitor for side essence . Some children regain their lost skills and some lose them when the steroids are stopped . Such tike become steroid dependent and may have to be on steroid on a weekly basis for a identification number of years . In some cases , the nipper may have no reply to the steroid superman .
surgical process is yet another form of treatment for Landau - Kleffner Syndrome . The primary goal of the surgical operation is to forbid the spread of the unnatural electric activity in the nous . The operating theatre done for Landau - Kleffner Syndrome is call as multiple subpial transection . This imply making a series of fine cuts through the surface of the learning ability under continuous EEG supervising and only the country of the abnormal electrical activity is necessitate and any price there is corrected . Surgery is recommended only for those tyke who are unresponsive to other conservative medications like anticonvulsants and steroids and are severely mar by Landau - Kleffner Syndrome .
Prognosis & Recovery of Landau-Kleffner Syndrome
The active phase of Landau - Kleffner Syndrome normally ends by the time the child becomes an adolescent and the baby is capable to regain all of the skills that he or she lose due to Landau - Kleffner Syndrome . About 50 % of children with Landau - Kleffner Syndrome make sensible recovery while about 25 % make partial recovery . The stay 25 % of children with Landau - Kleffner Syndrome have pitiful retrieval and are not able to find their fall back power in lyric , inclusion and learning skills . tiddler with a good outcome from treatment may recover most of their mislay attainment but may still be disturb with thing like unretentive term memory and may have hapless sense of hearing acquirement . nipper with misfortunate outcome with all forms of discourse tend to never regain their speech and language skills which they had lost due to Landau - Kleffner Syndrome .
