What is Paraganglioma?
Paraganglioma is a morbid term in which there is development of a type of tumour in the peripheral spooky organisation of the dead body . The peripheral nervous system is that part of nervous organization which is outside the head and the spinal cord . The peripheral nervous system is further subdivide into sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems . The role of the peripheral flighty system is controlling various bodily functions to include the essence rate , blood pressure , micturition , and intestinal motions .
Thus , a tumor or Paraganglioma developing in this system may cause revision in mathematical function of any of these bodily functions like the blood pressure , micturition , heart pace and the like . Paraganglioma can develop anywhere along the peripheral nervous organisation but they are in the main found in the abdomen and are associate to some human body of tumors of the adrenal secreter call in phaeochromocytoma .
Paraganglioma can have a significant rise in blood pressure and heart rate among other symptoms . The good fashion to treat Paraganglioma is removal of the tumor by way of OR . In some cases where the tumor is locate at a stead which is quite sensitive and is surrounded by major neurovascular structures then the tumor is not able to be removed surgically and radioactive element are used to slow up down the progression of the tumor and then followed with sequential scans to discipline on the status of the neoplasm .
What are the Causes of Paraganglioma?
The primary drive for Paraganglioma is a genetic fault and mutations of certain genes . In some cases , Paraganglioma are assign to sure genetic syndromes affecting other organs of the torso . In lawsuit if development of Paraganglioma is not associated with any genetical syndrome then it is term as nonsyndromic paragangliomas .
The cistron creditworthy for development of Paraganglioma are mutations in genes VHL , RET , SDHA , SDHB , and SDHD These genes perform important occasion in the body like controlling cubicle section and constitution of blood vessel . These defective gene can be passed from just one parent to the child or in other forms it is an autosomal dominant form of disorder causing uncontrolled development of cubicle leading to growth of Paraganglioma . Paraganglioma can also break due to sure inherited medical condition . These conditions are :
What are the Symptoms of Paraganglioma?
Some of the symptoms of Paraganglioma are :
Some of the less rough-cut symptoms of Paraganglioma are :
How is Paraganglioma Diagnosed?
If Paraganglioma is suspected , then the Doctor of the Church may dictate a barrage of tests in club to confirm the disease stipulation . The doctor may begin with collect pee over a stop of 24 minute and mail it for analysis to look for front of any excessive Adrenalin or noradrenaline secernment . Simultaneously blood tests may also be done for the same reason . Once this study is done a CT and MRI scan will be done , particularly of the abdominal area to key comportment of any tumors . In some cases a PET scan may also be done to look for comportment of Paraganglioma and whether the tumor has circularize to any degree . Genetic testing may also be done to check for any gene defects in casing if there is a family history of Paraganglioma .
The effect of these tests nigh confirm the presence of Paraganglioma .
How is Paraganglioma Treated?
The front agate line treatment for Paraganglioma is removal of the tumors by elbow room of surgery . This surgical procedure is done on an inpatient base . Before the operating theater is conducted , the patient is stabilized in condition of controlling and bringing down the blood insistence to normal tier and also regulating the heart rate . so as to do this , the patient may be feed some medications in the contour of sure antihypertensive drug to bestow down the bloodline pressure . Once the blood pressure is stabilized then the patient role is charter to the operating room for remotion of the tumors .
In case if there is a tumour present at a raw location where it can not be removed then the sawbones will use octreotide to curtail the progression of the tumor . Once the surgery is complete , the blood insistency of the patient will be monitor to check that that it does not rise or fall to a fault which may lead to serious complications . Once the blood pressure has been steady and is controlled , then the patient is dispatch .
Post operating theatre , the patient will have to followup with the treat Doctor of the Church with regular CT scans and blood pressure checks to make certain that there is no recurrence of the tumour and to gibe the status of the tumor which were not able to be removed during surgery .
What is the Prognosis of Paraganglioma?
The prognosis of Paraganglioma is quite good with timely intervention and removal of the tumor and also how much the neoplasm has broadcast . Paragangliomas are usually slow growing and it is common for people to dwell a healthy life for many years after their diagnosis of Paraganglioma .
